4 research outputs found
Incompleteness of States w.r.t. Traces in Model Checking
Cousot and Cousot introduced and studied a general past/future-time
specification language, called mu*-calculus, featuring a natural time-symmetric
trace-based semantics. The standard state-based semantics of the mu*-calculus
is an abstract interpretation of its trace-based semantics, which turns out to
be incomplete (i.e., trace-incomplete), even for finite systems. As a
consequence, standard state-based model checking of the mu*-calculus is
incomplete w.r.t. trace-based model checking. This paper shows that any
refinement or abstraction of the domain of sets of states induces a
corresponding semantics which is still trace-incomplete for any propositional
fragment of the mu*-calculus. This derives from a number of results, one for
each incomplete logical/temporal connective of the mu*-calculus, that
characterize the structure of models, i.e. transition systems, whose
corresponding state-based semantics of the mu*-calculus is trace-complete
Generalized Strong Preservation by Abstract Interpretation
Standard abstract model checking relies on abstract Kripke structures which
approximate concrete models by gluing together indistinguishable states, namely
by a partition of the concrete state space. Strong preservation for a
specification language L encodes the equivalence of concrete and abstract model
checking of formulas in L. We show how abstract interpretation can be used to
design abstract models that are more general than abstract Kripke structures.
Accordingly, strong preservation is generalized to abstract
interpretation-based models and precisely related to the concept of
completeness in abstract interpretation. The problem of minimally refining an
abstract model in order to make it strongly preserving for some language L can
be formulated as a minimal domain refinement in abstract interpretation in
order to get completeness w.r.t. the logical/temporal operators of L. It turns
out that this refined strongly preserving abstract model always exists and can
be characterized as a greatest fixed point. As a consequence, some well-known
behavioural equivalences, like bisimulation, simulation and stuttering, and
their corresponding partition refinement algorithms can be elegantly
characterized in abstract interpretation as completeness properties and
refinements
An abstract interpretation-based refinement algorithm for strong preservation
The Paige and Tarjan algorithm (PT) for computing the coarsest refinement of a state partition which is a bisimulation on some Kripke structure is well known. It is also well known in abstract model checking that bisimulation is equivalent to strong preservation of CTL and in particular of Hennessy-Milner logic. Building on these facts, we analyze the basic steps of the PT algorithm from an abstract interpretation perspective, which allows us to reason on strong preservation in the context of generic inductively defined (temporal) languages and of abstract models specified by abstract interpretation. This leads us to design a generalized Paige-Tarjan algorithm, called GPT, for computing the minimal refinement of an abstract interpretation-based model that strongly preserves some given language. It turns out that PT can be obtained by instantiating GPT to the domain of state partitions for the case of strong preservation of Hennessy-Milner logic. We provide a number of examples showing that GPT is of general use. We show how two well-known efficient algorithms for computing simulation and stuttering equivalence can be viewed as simple instances of GPT. Moreover, we instantiate GPT in order to design a O(|Transitions||States|)-time algorithm for computing the coarsest refinement of a given partition that strongly preserves the language generated by the reachability operator EF
An abstract interpretation-based refinement algorithm for strong preservation
Abstract. The Paige and Tarjan algorithm (PT) for computing the coarsest refinement of a state partition which is a bisimulation on some Kripke structure is well known. It is also well known in abstract model checking that bisimulation is equivalent to strong preservation of CTL and in particular of Hennessy-Milner logic. Building on these facts, we analyze the basic steps of the PT algorithm from an abstract interpretation perspective, which allows us to reason on strong preservation in the context of generic inductively defined (temporal) languages and of abstract models specified by abstract interpretation. This leads us to design a generalized Paige-Tarjan algorithm, called GPT, for computing the minimal refinement of an abstract interpretation-based model that strongly preserves some given language. It turns out that PT can be obtained by instantiating GPT to the domain of state partitions for the case of strong preservation of Hennessy-Milner logic. We provide a number of examples showing that GPT is of general use. We show how two well-known efficient algorithms for computing simulation and stuttering equivalence can be viewed as simple instances of GPT. Moreover, we instantiate GPT in order to design a O(|Transitions||States|)-time algorithm for computing the coarsest refinement of a given partition that strongly preserves the language generated by the reachability operator EF.