Nutritional ergogenics aspects and drug-food interactions in mountaineering.

Entre los principales factores limitantes del rendimiento en el alpinismo destacan el agotamiento de los depósitos de glucógeno muscular y catabolismo proteico elevado, desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico y Mal Agudo de Montaña (MAM). Ante esta situación de gran estrés que se vive en las altitudes elevadas y en estancias superiores a las 3 semanas, se hace imprescindible una óptima alimentación. Aún así, en ocasiones el MAM en los alpinistas es inevitable y en estos casos se hace uso de fármacos para afrontar dicha situación, que si no se realiza bajo un control riguroso, la suplementación puede poner en peligro la salud del alpinista por las posibles interacciones que se dan con los alimentos o ayudas ergonutricionales ingeridasThe main factors limiting climbing performance are the following: muscle glycogen depletion, increased protein catabolism, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and acute mountain sickness (AMS). In this situation of high stress at high altitudes and at stances longer than 3 weeks, the diet it is essential. In the case of AMS, it is also essential the use of drugs, if it is not used in proper conditions, such supplementation could endanger the health of the mountaineer because of the possible interactions with the food and the nutritional ergogenics aids

SKI Touring in Poland: Who Takes Part in this Form of Specialised Tourism? How Do They Take Part and Why?

The article presents a description of ski touring by Polish tourists. The author is looking for answers to the following questions: Who goes on this form of tourism? How and why? How experienced are the tourists? Are they aware of the risks involved? Are they theoretically and practically prepared for the danger of avalanches? The author compares their social features and tourist-recreational behaviour to research conducted by the Central Statistical Office in 2012

Passeurs: Narratives of Border Crossing in the Western Alps

This article focuses on representations of passeurs: migrant smugglers across the French-Italian and Swiss-Italian borders. I analyze a heterogeneous corpus of novels, films, and essays published between 1990-2017 that refer to different waves of migration, from World War II to the contemporary migration crisis. I argue that these texts complicate and help question the current criminalization of migrant smugglers most often found in the media and political discourses. In particular, I claim that these discourses confuse or dismiss migrants’ experience of border crossing, as they neglect important ethical and legal differences between smuggling and trafficking, humanitarian actors and professional smugglers. The texts I analyze insist on these nuances, enriching our understanding of the human stakes of “illegal” migrations. Through the analysis of literature and film, I present figures of migrant smugglers who have operated illegally to facilitate migrants, but who must not be confused with human traffickers. For example, in his bio-fiction Il vuoto alle spalle (1999), journalist Marco A. Ferrari gives an uplifting, idealized portrayal of Ettore Castiglioni, an Anti-Fascist Alpinist active during World War II, who smuggled Italian Jews and political opponents to the Fascist regime to Switzerland, including the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi. Francesco Biamonti, who lived at the French-Italian border and was a prolific novelist in the 1980s and 1990s, insists on the professionalism of smugglers who have been traditionally present in the Western Alps. In particular, Biamonti stresses that good passeurs are those who never put the life of their clients (migrants) at risk. Novels such as Vento largo (1991) and Le parole la notte (1994) not only point at the negative effects of globalization in Liguria (Italy), but also lament Europeans’ lack of attention to and understanding of increasing migratory flows, well before the media started talking about a migrant “crisis.” Lastly, I present the work of journalists who occasionally performed the role of “humanitarian smugglers” and later reported their experience in written or cinematic form: Io sto con la sposa, by Gabriele del Grande, Khaled Soliman Al Nassiry, and Antonio Augugliaro (2014); Passeur, by Raphaël Krafft (2017). These works express the authors’ need to reconnect with the professional and anti-Fascist tradition of passeurs in the Western Alps, at a time when there is no alternative to “illegal” border crossing for too many migrants. 

Mountaineering as a specific form of recreation in the late 19th century

Aim of this paper is to characterize mountaineering in the late 19th century as a specific form of recreation on the example of the Prague section of ‘Deutschen und Österreichischen Alpenverein’ (DuÖAV). Alpinism developed in the second half of the 19th century in the context of the political and economic changes in Central Europe, which also gave rise to many other sports. History of the club and description of the membership and its structure serves as an introduction to the issue. First we describe sources of motivation of members of the section to engage in alpinism. This factor is closely related to the financial demands of this sport at the end of the 19th century. Another essential factor is travelling in relation to destinations of Prague alpinists. The last studied factor is an estimation of time-demandingness in relation to physical activity. This paper is a part of a research focused on establishment and existence of ‘Deutschen und Österreichischen Alpenverein’ in the Czech Republic before World War II

Fanny Copeland and the geographical imagination

Raised in Scotland, married and divorced in the English south, an adopted Slovene, Fanny Copeland (1872 – 1970) occupied the intersection of a number of complex spatial and temporal conjunctures. A Slavophile, she played a part in the formation of what subsequently became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that emerged from the First World War. Living in Ljubljana, she facilitated the first ‘foreign visit’ (in 1932) of the newly formed Le Play Society (a precursor of the Institute of British Geographers) and guided its studies of Solčava (a then ‘remote’ Alpine valley system) which, led by Dudley Stamp and commended by Halford Mackinder, were subsequently hailed as a model for regional studies elsewhere. Arrested by the Gestapo and interned in Italy during the Second World War, she eventually returned to a socialist Yugoslavia, a celebrated figure. An accomplished musician, linguist, and mountaineer, she became an authority on (and populist for) the Julian Alps and was instrumental in the establishment of the Triglav National Park. Copeland’s role as participant observer (and protagonist) enriches our understanding of the particularities of her time and place and illuminates some inter-war relationships within G/geography, inside and outside the academy, suggesting their relative autonomy in the production of geographical knowledge

Archetypes in the process of image - making and brand - making of sporting goods and services

The author investigates the connection of eight basic archetypes with twenty most popular sports. The role of these archetypes in the image - making and brand - making of the most popular sports has been shown. The purpose of this scientific research is to establish the presence or absence the connection between the concrete archetypes and concrete sports. This problem hasn't been discussed in the scientific literature before

But What do I Wear? A Study of Women's Climbing Attire

Mrs Henry Warwick-Coleman advises the lady climber on her attire in her 1859 publication, A Lady’s Tour Round Monte Rosa. She suggests ‘A lady’s dress is inconvenient for mountaineering’, continuing ‘even under the most careful management, and therefore every device which may render it less so should be adopted’’ Throughout history clothing can be seen to have been responsible for the development of many theory’s and concepts that have become embedded within the social structure of communities. They form a framework around which society has and still does establish rules, codes and beliefs, embedding a deep sense of social conformity through ‘uniforms’ that express moods and personalities. Emancipation opened up the opportunity for women, to take an active role in the sport of climbing, yet conflicts arose, when it came to the attire they were expected to wear. For women breaking dress codes would cause a scandal, whilst becoming the first to ascend a peak; had its prizes. This paper investigates historical documentation related to the development of women’s climbing and climbing clothing from 1806 to the twentieth century. This will provide an outline of the clothing developmental stages that have taken place and the struggle for inclusion and recognition that women have faced on the mountain