The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence

Introduction: Radiology was founded on a technological discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. Teleradiology also had its roots in technology dating back to 1947 with the successful transmission of radiographic images through telephone lines. Diagnostic radiology has become the eye of medicine in terms of diagnosing and treating injury and disease. This article documents the empirical foundations of teleradiology. Methods: A selective review of the credible literature during the past decade (2005?2015) was conducted, using robust research design and adequate sample size as criteria for inclusion. Findings: The evidence regarding feasibility of teleradiology and related information technology applications has been well documented for several decades. The majority of studies focused on intermediate outcomes, as indicated by comparability between teleradiology and conventional radiology. A consistent trend of concordance between the two modalities was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy and reliability. Additional benefits include reductions in patient transfer, rehospitalization, and length of stay.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140295/1/tmj.2016.0149.pd

Excellentia Eminentia Effectio

"In these pages you will learn about the fascinating research endeavors that each of our faculty members is undertaking. We have divided their research into the broad categories of health, sustainability, information, and systems. While we recognize the imperfect nature of categorizing research that, by its very nature may be interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary, we nonetheless believe it will be helpful as a way to see the depth and breadth of our research endeavors within each grouping. As you read the profiles on these pages, I know you will begin to appreciate that, taken as a whole, the research spectrum at Columbia Engineering is exceptional and that, as our professors go about their work, they are at the cusp of making breakthroughs that will have a major impact on the way we live our lives today and tomorrow.

Evaluation of the region-specific risks of accidental radioactive releases from the European Spallation Source

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron research facility under construction in southern Sweden. The facility will produce a wide range ofradionuclides that could be released into the environment. Some radionuclides are of particular concern such as the rare earth gadolinium-148. In this article, the local environment was investigated in terms of food production and rare earth element concentration in soil. The collected data will later be used to model thetransfer of radioactive contaminations from the ESS

A new standard in testing mattresses for use in x-ray imaging : developing, validating and using a novel method to test x-ray mattresses for pressure ulcer development, radiation dosimetry and image quality

Background In hospitals, patients often undergo X-ray imaging while lying on a mattress. Therefore, mattresses must have low X-ray attenuation properties to minimise radiation dose to the patient. Mattresses should create no artifacts within the X-ray image, as this may compromise image quality and diagnosis. Finally, mattresses should be constructed in such a way that interface pressure (IP) is minimized, limiting the chance of pressure ulcer formation. Aim For evaluating X-ray imaging table mattresses, this thesis has three aims (1). to develop and validate an anthropomorphic-phantom-based method of assessing X-ray table mattress IP as an index of mattress performance; (2) to assess X-ray table mattress pressure redistribution properties; and (3) to evaluate mattress radiation attenuation characteristics and their impacts on image quality. Methods and Materials An anthropomorphic phantom, simulating adult head, pelvis, and heels, was 3D-printed from X-ray computed tomography (CT) image data. Dry sand was added to represent 5 human weights and XSensor technology was used to assess pressure distribution. Phantom mattress IP characteristics were compared for the 5 weights against 27 sets of human mattress IP data to achieve phantom validation. Twenty-four X-ray table mattresses, 21 thinner and 3 thicker were assessed. Anthropomorphic phantom and Xsensor mattress interface pressure measurements were conducted for head, pelvis and heels, with and without X-ray table mattresses. Image quality and radiation attenuation were also assessed. Incident air kerma (IAK) was measured, with and without mattress, over a range of exposure factors using a digital dosimeter. Inverse image Quality Factor (IQFinv) was calculated to assess image quality using a commercially available phantom (CDRAD). Results The anthropomorphic phantom proved suitable for use in this thesis - based on correlation coefficient R values, there was a good correlation for the 5 phantom weights between the phantom and human pressure data. (R values: head =0.993, pelvis =0.997, and heels =0.996). There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between peak pressure values with and without X-ray table mattress for head, pelvis and heels. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the IP ratio values with and without X-ray table mattresses. The type and age of the mattresses also had an impact on peak pressure values and IP ratios. IAK and image quality measures were impacted by mattress addition. IAK values decreased because of attenuation, with IQFinv having worse image quality. There was a negative correlation between mattress age and IAK, meaning that older mattresses had higher attenuation properties. The clinical impact of this finding, for the potential for radiation increase, was insignificant. No correlation was found between image quality and age. Conclusion A novel method for testing X-ray mattress IP was established and validated in this thesis. This method could be valuable for aiding mattress design and development and subsequent testing when in clinical use. For new mattresses, peak pressure values and IP ratios were greatly reduced, compared with older ones. The impact mattresses had on radiation attenuation and image quality are clinically insignificant

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii