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Large-dimensionality small-instance set feature selection: a hybrid bio-inspired heuristic approach
Selection of a representative set of features is still a crucial and challeng-
ing problem in machine learning. The complexity of the problem increases
when any of the following situations occur: a very large number of at-
tributes (large dimensionality); a very small number of instances or time
points (small-instance set). The rst situation poses problems for machine
learning algorithm as the search space for selecting a combination of relevant
features becomes impossible to explore in a reasonable time and with rea-
sonable computational resources. The second aspect poses the problem of
having insu cient data to learn from (insu cient examples). In this work,
we approach both these issues at the same time. The methods we proposed
are heuristics inspired from nature (in particular, from biology). We pro-
pose a hybrid of two methods which has the advantage of providing a good
learning from fewer examples and a fair selection of features from a really
large set, all these while ensuring a high standard classi cation accuracy of
the data. The methods used are antlion optimization (ALO), grey wolf opti-
mization (GWO), and a combination of the two (ALO-GWO). We test their
performance on datasets having almost 50,000 features and less than 200
instances. The results look promising while compared with other methods
such as genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Dipterocarps protected by Jering local wisdom in Jering Menduyung Nature Recreational Park, Bangka Island, Indonesia
Apart of the oil palm plantation expansion, the Jering Menduyung Nature Recreational Park has relatively diverse plants. The 3,538 ha park is located at the north west of Bangka Island, Indonesia. The minimum species-area curve was 0.82 ha which is just below Dalil conservation forest that is 1.2 ha, but it is much higher than measurements of several secondary forests in the Island that are 0.2 ha. The plot is inhabited by more than 50 plant species. Of 22 tree species, there are 40 individual poles with the average diameter of 15.3 cm, and 64 individual trees with the average diameter of 48.9 cm. The density of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (Blanco) Blanco or kruing, is 20.7 individual/ha with the diameter ranges of 12.1 – 212.7 cm or with the average diameter of 69.0 cm. The relatively intact park is supported by the local wisdom of Jering tribe, one of indigenous tribes in the island. People has regulated in cutting trees especially in the cape. The conservation agency designates the park as one of the kruing propagules sources in the province. The growing oil palm plantation and the less adoption of local wisdom among the youth is a challenge to forest conservation in the province where tin mining activities have been the economic driver for decades. More socialization from the conservation agency and the involvement of university students in raising environmental awareness is important to be done