Design and analysis of a beacon-less routing protocol for large volume content dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks

Largevolumecontentdisseminationispursuedbythegrowingnumberofhighquality applications for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs), e.g., the live road surveillance service and the video-based overtaking assistant service. For the highly dynamical vehicular network topology, beacon-less routing protocols have been proven to be efficient in achieving a balance between the system performance and the control overhead. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, the routing design for large volume content has not been well considered in the previous work, which will introduce new challenges, e.g., the enhanced connectivity requirement for a radio link. In this paper, a link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) is designed for large volume content delivery in VANETs. Each vehicle makes the forwarding decision based on the message header information and its current state, including the speed and position information. A semi-Markov process analytical model is proposed to evaluate the expected delay in constructing one routing path for LBRP. Simulations show that the proposed LBRP scheme outperforms the traditional dissemination protocols in providing a low end-to-end delay. The analytical model is shown to exhibit a good match on the delay estimation with Monte Carlo simulations, as well

Analysis of Multi-Hop Emergency Message Propagation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are attracting the attention of researchers, industry, and governments for their potential of significantly increasing the safety level on the road. In order to understand whether VANETs can actually realize this goal, in this paper we analyze the dynamics of multihop emergency message dissemination in VANETs. Under a probabilistic wireless channel model that accounts for interference, we derive lower bounds on the probability that a car at distance d from the source of the emergency message correctly receives the message within time t. Besides d and t, this probability depends also on 1-hop channel reliability, which we model as a probability value p, and on the message dissemination strategy. Our bounds are derived for an idealized dissemination strategy which ignores interference, and for two provably near-optimal dissemination strategies under protocol interference. The bounds derived in the first part of the paper are used to carefully analyze the tradeoff between the safety level on the road (modeled by parameters d and t), and the value of 1-hop message reliability p. The analysis of this tradeoff discloses several interesting insights that can be very useful in the design of practical emergency message dissemination strategies

Broadcasting Protocol for Effective Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VANET topology is very dynamic due to frequent movements of the nodes. Using beacon information connected dominated set are formed and nodes further enhanced with neighbor elimination scheme. With acknowledgement the inter section issues are solve. A modified Broadcast Conquest and Delay De-synchronization mechanism address the broadcasting storm issues. Although data dissemination is possible in all direction, the performance of data dissemination in the opposite direction is investigated and compared against the existing protocols

Probabilistic network coding techniques for vehicular ad-hoc networks

vehicular ad hoc network (vanet) is an emerging technology that enables moving vehicles on the road to connect and communicate as network devices. vanets enhance roads safety measures and improve traffic efficiency. however, due to the lack of centralization and the large number of highly mobile nodes, vanets are considered as highly congested networks with significant packet collisions and retransmissions. on the other hand, network coding is an emerging technique known to effectively utilize network resources by significantly reducing the number of transmissions. in network coding, intermediate nodes minimize the number of transmission by combining different packets before transmitting. however, a fundamental problem for network coding relay when it receives a packet is whether to wait for a coding opportunity to reduce network congestion; or to send the packet immediately without coding to reduce packet delay. this thesis proposes network coding techniques to reduce the number of transmissions and the bandwidth consumption in vanet multi-hop scenario. it also presents an analytical study on the trade-off between the average packet delay and the network throughput in network coding. it proposes a probabilistic approach for the intermediate nodes and therefore develops an analytical framework to present the effect of using such technique on the network performance. the system stability conditions have also been investigated. moreover, flows with different and same priorities are considered and different mechanisms that consider the nature of the different applications are proposed. for fair delay, this thesis provides the optimum transmission probability which achieves the minimum fair delay and results in an optimum throughput. while for different priority flows, a queue state based probabilistic scheduling schemes are proposed to avoid unbounded packet delays. to highlight the result, for symmetric rate flows, fairness scheme shows that the optimum fair delay can be achieved with probability of transmission of 0.5. it also shows that despite the flow data rate, using this probability will result in 33% improvement in the bandwidth consumption, and in an equal hop delay for both flows that is 0.5/?, where ? is the average flow data rate. moreover, for asymmetric rate flows the work provides the optimum transmission probability and its corresponding fair delay and throughput improvement. simulation is carried out to verify the analytical results where it is closely matched the theoretical results

Dynamic Time-Stable Geocast Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have emerged as an area of interest for both industry and research scholars because they have become an essential part of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Many applications in VANET require sending a message to certain or all vehicles within a region, called geocast. Sometimes geocast requires that the message be kept alive within the region for a period of time. This time-stable geocast has a vital role in some ITS applications, particularly commercial applications. This study presents a novel time-stable geocast protocol that works well even in too sparse networks. Moreover, since commercial applications sometimes make it necessary to change the duration of the stable message within the region, the dynamic nature of a geocast protocol should allow this time to be extended, reduced, or canceled without any additional cost. Therefore, we call it a dynamic time-stable geocast, DTSG, protocol. It works in two phases (the pre-stable period and the stable period), and the simulation results show that it works well in its performance metrics (delivery ratio and network cost). In addition, these results validate the protocol prediction of its performance metrics. Moreover, with the informed time of zero, all the intended vehicles will be informed as soon as they enter the region. The fact that the protocol is independent of the networks’ density, the vehicles’ speed, and the vehicles’ broadcasting range, makes it more robust than others that fail in sparse networks or in high-speed nodes

Advances in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs): challenges and road-map for future development

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) over the past few years. A vehicular network consists of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Hence, governments, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interesting field of mobile wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well as the ways forward to achieving the long awaited ITS

Detecting Non-Line of Sight to Prevent Accidents in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

There are still many challenges in the field of VANETs that encouraged researchers to conduct further investigation in this field to meet these challenges. The issue pertaining to routing protocols such as delivering the warning messages to the vehicles facing Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) situations without causing the storm problem and channel contention, is regarded as a serious dilemma which is required to be tackled in VANET, especially in congested environments. This requires the designing of an efficient mechanism of routing protocol that can broadcast the warning messages from the emergency vehicles to the vehicles under NLOS, reducing the overhead and increasing the packet delivery ratio with a reduced time delay and channel utilisation. The main aim of this work is to develop the novel routing protocol for a high-density environment in VANET through utilisation of its high mobility features, aid of the sensors such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Navigation System (NS). In this work, the cooperative approach has been used to develop the routing protocol called the Co-operative Volunteer Protocol (CVP), which uses volunteer vehicles to disseminate the warning message from the source to the target vehicle under NLOS issue; this also increases the packet delivery ratio, detection of NLOS and resolution of NLOS by delivering the warning message successfully to the vehicle under NLOS, thereby causing a direct impact on the reduction of collisions between vehicles in normal mode and emergency mode on the road near intersections or on highways. The cooperative approach adopted for warning message dissemination reduced the rebroadcast rate of messages, thereby decreasing significantly the storm issue and the channel contention. A novel architecture has been developed by utilising the concept of a Context-Aware System (CAS), which clarifies the OBU components and their interaction with each other in order to collect data and take the decisions based on the sensed circumstances. The proposed architecture has been divided into three main phases: sensing, processing and acting. The results obtained from the validation of the proposed CVP protocol using the simulator EstiNet under specific conditions and parameters showed that performance of the proposed protocol is better than that of the GRANT protocol with regard to several metrics such as packet delivery ratio, neighbourhood awareness, channel utilisation, overhead and latency. It is also successfully shown that the proposed CVP could detect the NLOS situation and solves it effectively and efficiently for both the intersection scenario in urban areas and the highway scenario