Language and identity in the school adjustment of immigrant students in Israel

Der Autor, dessen in diesem Band dargestellte Analyse... auf dem Datensatz der ICSEY Studie basiert, untersucht Muster der Adaption von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund unter den Aspekten Sprache, Identität und soziokulturelle Anpassung in einem bestimmten Akkulturations- und Bildungskontext, nämlich dem israelischen Schulsystem. Das israelische Schulsystem ist, so der Autor, durch eine Kombination von assimilationistischen und pluralistischen Ansätzen gekennzeichnet. Insgesamt 327 neu zugewanderte Schülerinnen und Schüler aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion sowie aus Äthiopien, die in Israel leben und die Sekundarstufe besuchen, wurden befragt. Der Fragebogen basiert auf Selbstaussagen und umfasst Fragen zu den Themen Sprachgebrauch und Sprachkompetenz (Herkunftssprache und Schulsprache), Identität, wahrgenommene Diskriminierung, schulische Adaption und Verhaltensprobleme. Zwischen den beiden ethnischen Gruppen konnten erhebliche Unterschiede im Sprachgebrauch und in den Sprachkompetenzen festgestellt werden. Die Beherrschung der Schulsprache erweist sich als der bedeutsamere Prädiktor für schulische Adaption und Verhaltensprobleme als Kompetenzen in der Herkunftssprache. Gleichzeitig ist die ethnische Identität (im Sinne der Loyalität zur Herkunftskultur) in beiden Gruppen stärker ausgeprägt als die Identifikation mit der Kultur der Aufnahmegesellschaft. Schulische Adaption wird von beiden Gruppenloyalitäten, stärker jedoch von der Identifikation mit der Kultur der Aufnahmegesellschaft beeinflusst. Zusätzlich hängt die wahrgenommene Diskriminierung negativ mit schulischer Adaption zusammen. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen werden unter dem Aspekt der Passung zwischen dem akkulturativen Kontext von Schulen in Israel und dem Muster der Identitätsbildung einerseits und der Akkulturation, die die Jugendlichen an den Tag legen andererseits, diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.)

Cardiovascular effects of variations in habitual levels of physical activity

Mechanisms involved in human cardiovascular adaption to stress, particularly adaption to different levels of physical activity are determined along with quantitative noninvasive methods for evaluation of cardiovascular function during stess in normal subjects and in individuals with latent or manifest cardiovascular disease. Results are summarized

ADaPTION: Toolbox and Benchmark for Training Convolutional Neural Networks with Reduced Numerical Precision Weights and Activation

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are useful for many practical tasks in machine learning. Synaptic weights, as well as neuron activation functions within the deep network are typically stored with high-precision formats, e.g. 32 bit floating point. However, since storage capacity is limited and each memory access consumes power, both storage capacity and memory access are two crucial factors in these networks. Here we present a method and present the ADaPTION toolbox to extend the popular deep learning library Caffe to support training of deep CNNs with reduced numerical precision of weights and activations using fixed point notation. ADaPTION includes tools to measure the dynamic range of weights and activations. Using the ADaPTION tools, we quantized several CNNs including VGG16 down to 16-bit weights and activations with only 0.8% drop in Top-1 accuracy. The quantization, especially of the activations, leads to increase of up to 50% of sparsity especially in early and intermediate layers, which we exploit to skip multiplications with zero, thus performing faster and computationally cheaper inference.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Topology Adaption for the Quantum Internet

In the quantum repeater networks of the quantum Internet, the varying stability of entangled quantum links makes dynamic topology adaption an emerging issue. Here we define an efficient topology adaption method for quantum repeater networks. The model assumes the random failures of entangled links and several parallel demands from legal users. The shortest path defines a set of entangled links for which the probability of stability is above a critical threshold. The scheme is utilized in a base-graph of the overlay quantum network to provide an efficient shortest path selection for the demands of all users of the network. We study the problem of entanglement assignment in a quantum repeater network, prove its computational complexity, and show an optimization procedure. The results are particularly convenient for future quantum networking, quantum-Internet, and experimental long-distance quantum communications.Comment: 17 pages, Journal-ref: Quant. Inf. Proc. (2018

Grid adaption for bluff bodies

Methods of grid adaptation are reviewed and a method is developed with the capability of adaptation to several flow variables. This method is based on a variational approach and is an algebraic method which does not require the solution of partial differential equations. Also the method was formulated in such a way that there is no need for any matrix inversion. The method is used in conjunction with the calculation of hypersonic flow over a blunt nose. The equations of motion are the compressible Navier-Stokes equations where all viscous terms are retained. They are solved by the MacCormack time-splitting method and a movie was produced which shows simulataneously the transient behavior of the solution and the grid adaptation. The results are compared with the experimental and other numerical results

Reflexions on Cultural Bias and Adaption

SvenskMud1 is an Internet-accessible Multi-User Domain (MUD) system. But, in contrast to 99% of all Internet-accessible MUDs, SvenskMud is not a global community. SvenskMud is instead the first vernacular (i.e. non-English speaking) MUD in the world, and the only Swedish-speaking MUD in Sweden today. This paper problematizes four questions regarding cultural attitudes and their relationship to CMC technologies. Moving from the historical and the general to the present and the specific I will in turn discuss the following questions: (1) how have American cultural attitudes (historically) shaped the development and use of CMC technologies? (2) how do cultural attitudes (today) shape the implementation and use of CMC technologies? (3) how do cultural attitudes manifest themselves in the implementation and use of MUDs? (4) how do cultural attitudes manifest themselves in the implementation\ud and use of SvenskMud

Tracking control with adaption of kites

A novel tracking paradigm for flying geometric trajectories using tethered kites is presented. It is shown how the differential-geometric notion of turning angle can be used as a one-dimensional representation of the kite trajectory, and how this leads to a single-input single-output (SISO) tracking problem. Based on this principle a Lyapunov-based nonlinear adaptive controller is developed that only needs control derivatives of the kite aerodynamic model. The resulting controller is validated using simulations with a point-mass kite model.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure

Epitaxial strain adaption in chemically disordered FeRh thin films

Strain and strain adaption mechanisms in modern functional materials are of crucial importance for their performance. Understanding these mechanisms will advance innovative approaches for material properties engineering. Here we study the strain adaption mechanism in a thin film model system as function of epitaxial strain. Chemically disordered FeRh thin films are deposited on W-V buffer layers, which allow for large variation of the preset lattice constants, e.g. epitaxial boundary condition. It is shown by means of high resolution X-ray reciprocal space maps and transmission electron microscopy that the system reacts with a tilting mechanism of the structural units in order to adapt to the lattice constants of the buffer layer. This response explained by density functional theory calculations, which evidence an energetic minimum for structures with a distortion of c/a =0.87. The experimentally observed tilting mechanism is induced by this energy gain and allows the system to remain in the most favorable structure. In general, it is shown that the use of epitaxial model heterostructures consisting of alloy buffer layers of fully miscible elements and the functional material of interest allows to study strain adaption behaviors in great detail. This approach makes even small secondary effects observable, such as the directional tilting of the structural domains identified in the present case study