Implementation of Competency Enhancement Program for Science Teachers Assisted by Artificial Intelligence in Designing HOTS-based Integrated Science Learning

Education currently supported by technological developments such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Science learning based on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is needed as the main goal in learning. AI in teacher professional developments are the new way to be implemented. The purpose of this research was to describe the competency enhancement program for science teacher that assisted by AI in designing HOTS-based integrated science learning. 29 science teachers in West Java participated in this program. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data from all participants. The results revealed that the program held in blended learning with face-to-face sessions about higher order thinking skills in science learning, use of multiple representations in science learning, construct of science learnings’ theme, integrated science learning, and continued by online learning by web based-AI. Science teachers perceived helpfulness to integrate various science content, followed courses, held discussion, answer the tests, and validating lesson plan products. Teachers has new experiences for the implementation program.</p

Using natural language processing to support peer‐feedback in the age of artificial intelligence: a cross‐disciplinary framework and a research agenda

Advancements in artificial intelligence are rapidly increasing. The new-generation large language models, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, bear the potential to transform educational approaches, such as peer-feedback. To investigate peer-feedback at the intersection of natural language processing (NLP) and educational research, this paper suggests a cross-disciplinary framework that aims to facilitate the development of NLP-based adaptive measures for supporting peer-feedback processes in digital learning environments. To conceptualize this process, we introduce a peer-feedback process model, which describes learners' activities and textual products. Further, we introduce a terminological and procedural scheme that facilitates systematically deriving measures to foster the peer-feedback process and how NLP may enhance the adaptivity of such learning support. Building on prior research on education and NLP, we apply this scheme to all learner activities of the peer-feedback process model to exemplify a range of NLP-based adaptive support measures. We also discuss the current challenges and suggest directions for future cross-disciplinary research on the effectiveness and other dimensions of NLP-based adaptive support for peer-feedback. Building on our suggested framework, future research and collaborations at the intersection of education and NLP can innovate peer-feedback in digital learning environments

Using natural language processing to support peer‐feedback in the age of artificial intelligence: A cross‐disciplinary framework and a research agenda

Advancements in artificial intelligence are rapidly increasing. The new-generation large language models, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, bear the potential to transform educational approaches, such as peer-feedback. To investigate peer-feedback at the intersection of natural language processing (NLP) and educational research, this paper suggests a cross-disciplinary framework that aims to facilitate the development of NLP-based adaptive measures for supporting peer-feedback processes in digital learning environments. To conceptualize this process, we introduce a peer-feedback process model, which describes learners' activities and textual products. Further, we introduce a terminological and procedural scheme that facilitates systematically deriving measures to foster the peer-feedback process and how NLP may enhance the adaptivity of such learning support. Building on prior research on education and NLP, we apply this scheme to all learner activities of the peer-feedback process model to exemplify a range of NLP-based adaptive support measures. We also discuss the current challenges and suggest directions for future cross-disciplinary research on the effectiveness and other dimensions of NLP-based adaptive support for peer-feedback. Building on our suggested framework, future research and collaborations at the intersection of education and NLP can innovate peer-feedback in digital learning environments

Adaptable scaffolding of mathematical argumentation skills: The role of self-regulation when scaffolded with CSCL scripts and heuristic worked examples

Collaboration scripts and heuristic worked examples have been described as powerful scaffolds to support skill acquisition in CSCL. While CSCL scripts particularly facilitate argumentative discourse within groups, heuristic worked examples provide heuristics and worked out pathways to solve domain-specific tasks. Yet, both scripts and heuristic worked examples are often designed in a one-size-fits-all fashion. Granting learners the opportunity to adapt these scaffolds to their self-perceived needs might be a way to further enhance their effects. We tested this assumption in two experiments. In experiment 1, we compared the effects of learning with adaptable and non-adaptable CSCL scripts. In experiment 2, we compared the effects of learning with adaptable and non-adaptable heuristic worked examples. University students (N = 167) learned repeatedly in pairs with either adaptable or non-adaptable scaffolding in the context of mathematical conjecture problems. Results show that adaptable CSCL scripts were partly helpful for students with higher levels of self-regulation skills. Non-adaptable maximal scaffolding supported learning of distinctive skill components. Social-discursive components were best facilitated by maximal heuristic worked examples through content knowledge scaffolds. In contrast, CSCL scripts best facilitated domain-specific skill components by scaffolding learners’ engagement in social discourse about domain knowledge. The study provides recommendations for designing adaptable scaffolding by taking into account the relation between the targeted skill component and the activities scaffolded in the learning process. We suggest conducting future studies on adaptable scaffolding with a focus on supporting learning regulation and group awareness to improve learners’ success in CSCL environments

A Systematic Review of Group Metacognition Researches on Online and Face-to-Face Learning Environments

Group metacognition involves a collective understanding of cognitive processes and collaborative problem-solving mechanisms within a group. This study, conducted through a systematic review of 54 studies, aims to present the evolutionary trajectory of research on group metacognition in (predominantly) online and face-to-face learning environments. It explores the definitional shifts, methodological trends, and potential connections between the quality of collaboration and studies on group metacognition in online learning environments. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to report the study's results. In investigating determinants influencing group metacognition, the research examined the distribution of effective variables such as group size, composition, task complexity, and time constraints. This systematic review provides an overview of the evolutionary path for definitions of the group metacognition concept, accumulated methodological approaches, and key insights into studies that may be associated with group metacognition. Thus, it underscores the importance of customized interventions that appropriately consider variables that could affect group metacognition effectively

Regulação interpessoal na aprendizagem colaborativa: efeitos na compreensão da leitura e na auto-regulação dos alunos com diferentes estilos cognitivos

In this investigation article it’s reported the results of a quasi-experimental study that aimed to evaluate the impact of a computerbased learning environment that supported social regulation on the learning achievement and self-regulation, implemented in 166 high school students in a public institution in Bogotá. Using a 2x2 factorial design, possible differences between two models of social regulation and two methods of group formation were explored, taking into account the field dependence-independence cognitive styles. Non-parametric tests indicated that the computer support significantly impacted reading comprehension, controlbeliefs about learning, and metacognitive self-regulation in the students. A “mancova” reported no significant differences between the experimental groups, after controlling the effect of covariates; however, trends in data indicated that (a) task regulation benefited achievement and self-regulation more than communication regulation; (b) homogeneous groups achieved better resultsthan heterogeneous groups; and (c) although independent subjects achieved better results than field-dependent subjects, the environment removed the significant differences that existed between both cognitive styles before the intervention, in terms of the initial level of reading comprehension. These results suggest that computer-based support for task and collaboration regulationcan benefit achievement and self-regulation during collaborative learning in distance education.En este artículo de investigación se reportan los resultados de un estudio cuasiexperimental que tenía por objeto evaluar el impacto de un ambiente de aprendizaje computacional. Este proyecto apoyaba la regulación social en el aprendizaje y la autorregulación de 166 estudiantes de Educación Media en una institución pública de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Mediante un diseño factorial 2x2, se exploraron las posibles diferencias entre dos modelos de regulación social y dos métodos de conformación grupal, teniendo en cuenta el estilo cognitivo de los sujetos en la dimensión dependencia-independencia de campo. Las pruebas no paramétricas implementadas, señalaron que el ambiente impactó significativamente la comprensión lectora, las creencias de control sobre el aprendizaje y la autorregulación metacognitiva de los participantes. Un Mancova no señaló diferencias significativas entre los grupos experimentales, luego de controlar el efecto de las covariables; no obstante, las tendencias en los datos indicaron que (a) regular la tarea benefició en mayor medida el logro y la autorregulación, en comparación con la regulación de la comunicación; (b) los grupos homogéneos alcanzaron mejores resultados que los grupos heterogéneos; y (c) aunque los sujetos independientes alcanzaron mejores resultados que los sujetos dependientes de campo, el ambiente logró difuminar las diferencias significativas que existían entre ambos estilos cognitivos antes de la intervención, en términos del nivel inicial de comprensión lectora. Estos resultados sugieren que implementar soportes computacionales para apoyar la regulación de la tarea y la colaboración, puede beneficiar el logro y la autorregulación durante el trabajo colaborativo en la educación a distancia.Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de um estudo quase experimental que visou avaliar o impacto de um ambiente deaprendizagem baseado em computador que apoiou a regulamentação social sobre o desempenho de aprendizagem e autoregulação de 166 alunos do Ensino Médio em uma instituição pública em Bogotá. Utilizando um desenho fatorial 2x2, foram exploradas possíveis diferenças entre dois modelos de regulação social e dois métodos de formação de grupos, levandoem conta o estilo cognitivo dos sujeitos na dimensão da dependência de campo-independência. Testes não-paramétricos indicaram que o ambiente impactou significativamente a compreensão da leitura, crenças de controle sobre a aprendizagem e auto-regulação metacognitiva. Um “mancova” não relatou diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais, após o controle para o efeito de covariáveis; entretanto, tendências em dados indicou que 1) a regulação de tarefas beneficiou mais a realização e a autoregulação do que a regulação da comunicação; 2) grupos homogêneos obtiveram melhores resultados que grupos heterogêneos; e 3) emborasujeitos independentes tenham obtido melhores resultados que sujeitos dependentes do campo, o ambiente conseguiu desfocar as diferenças significativas que existiam entre os dois estilos cognitivos antes da intervenção, em termos do nível inicial de compreensão de leitura. Estes resultados sugerem que os apoios informáticos à regulação das tarefas e da colaboração podem beneficiar a realização e a auto-regulação durante a aprendizagem em colaboração no ensino à distância

Incorporating Scripts with Cooperative Learning to Promote Critical Thinking Skills in Secondary Science

A drastic growth of scientific and technological advancements in the 21st century have allowed for new jobs with innovative processes that require individuals who possess the ability to think deductively, reason through problems, and obtain information that can support the potential solutions to these problems. Many of the technological advancements have reduced the necessity to only memorize rote facts; rather, much of this information can be found through a quick internet search. What is needed, therefore, is education which requires students to think deeper than before – to examine new information through a more critical lens. The purpose of this research study is to investigate how the introduction of collaborative scripts into the cooperative learning of students in a secondary science classroom impacts critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control-group design was implemented. The sample was drawn from eight sections of ninth grade science at a secondary public school in a northeastern state. Students engaged in project-based learning with cooperation with peers on an inquiry-based science lesson with phenomena. The experimental group was presented with scripts to begin asking thoughtful questions of peers about the phenomena being studied. The control group was instructed to engage in peer discourse as they normally would. The CCT-X was administered to all participants as a pretest and posttest. The data was analyzed via ANCOVA testing. Although a greater improvement in scores can be seen in the group that was exposed to the cooperative scripts, the results were not statistically significant. Future recommendations were identified, such as recruiting a larger sample size, implementing a longer duration for the intervention of collaborative scripts, and considering a new instrument for measuring critical thinking skills

Self- and Socially-Regulated Learning in Middle School Science Classrooms: A Multiple Case Study

Students must employ self-regulated learning (SRL) and socially-regulated learning (soRL) in the science classroom, which includes a wide array of independent and collaborative learning activities. However, little is known about how student SRL and soRL co-occur in students’ learning and how the classroom teacher influences that regulation in situ (Cabrera et al., in preparation; Panadero et al., 2015). This explanatory, sequential case study analyzes classroom video data from six middle school science classrooms. The study uses an integrated coding scheme that captures SRL and soRL behaviors, soRL modes, and targets of regulation (Greene & Azevedo, 2009; Hadwin et al., 2018; Heirwig et al., 2019; and Zimmerman, 2002). Results show that student SRL and soRL behaviors are influenced by the activity structure and physical layout of the classroom, regulatory behaviors mostly manifest as behavioral and cognitive regulation in the performance phase, and teachers impact student regulation by prompting behavioral monitoring and comprehension monitoring. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in addition to future directions for SRL and soRL research