Zone Based Multi-Path Disjoint Routing In Manet Using Zbmdr Protocol

A MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is an accumulation of wireless mobile nodes which are autonomous and can dynamically self-organize that creates aprovisional network topology. Numerouspossible applications of MANETs necessitate group communications among several nodes, which is supported by multicasting. In a dynamic environment, it is difficult to maintain group membership management, which is a challenging task to implement robust and scalable multicast routing. For that reason, a novel Zone Based Multipath Disjoint Routing (ZBMDR) is proposed. The proposed ZBMDR is disjoint at the zones which can establish multiple zone disjoint routes between the source and the destination network zones which help to develop the network lifetime and also to reduce the congestion and communication overhead. The proposed ZBMDR protocol is simulated using the NS-2 (NS-2.39) and the experimental results are presented

Fuzzy based load and energy aware multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks

Routing is a challenging task in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) due to their dynamic topology and lack of central administration. As a consequence of un-predictable topology changes of such networks, routing protocols employed need to accurately capture the delay, load, available bandwidth and residual node energy at various locations of the network for effective energy and load balancing. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based scheme that ensures delay, load and energy aware routing to avoid congestion and minimise end-to-end delay in MANETs. In the proposed approach, forwarding delay, average load, available bandwidth and residual battery energy at a mobile node are given as inputs to a fuzzy inference engine to determine the traffic distribution possibility from that node based on the given fuzzy rules. Based on the output from the fuzzy system, traffic is distributed over fail-safe multiple routes to reduce the load at a congested node. Through simulation results, we show that our approach reduces end-to-end delay, packet drop and average energy consumption and increases packet delivery ratio for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic when compared with the popular Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol

Upgraded Scalable Virtual Treebased Multicast Routing Protocol for Secured Packet forwarding in MANET's

ABSTRACT: Now a day's Mobile ad-hoc networks became a popular subject for research due to its wide utilization in different areas, and various studies have been made to increase the performance of ad hoc networks and support more advanced mobile computing and applications. Multicasting is a useful operation that facilitates group communications in MANETs. There are some problems of the existed mobile computing applications are multicast group membership management, zone construction and efficient forwarding of packets to all the group members over the dynamic network topology for a large group size or network size. This paper concentrated specifically, on efficient packet forwarding through a virtual-zone-based structure, and the location service for group members is integrated with the membership management. Both the control messages and data packets are forwarded along efficient tree-like paths, but there is no need to explicitly create and actively maintain a tree structure. The stateless virtual-tree-based structures significantly reduce the tree management overhead, support more efficient transmissions, and make the transmissions much more robust to dynamics. By upgrading the USVGM protocol with virtual-zone-based structure and tree-like paths we achieved higher performance and reliable and scalable data packet forwarding. Our simulation results demonstrate that Upgraded SVGM (USVGM) has high packet delivery ratio, low control overhead and multicast group joining delay under all test scenarios, and is scalable to both group size and network size. Keywords: USVGM, LAM, MZRP, LGT, LGS I. INTRODUCTION MANET is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically be set up any where and anytime without using any preexisting network infrastructure. It is an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to move randomly and often act as routers at the same time. The traffic types in ad hoc networks are quite different from those in an infrastructure wireless network. Due to its popularity and wide advantages MANET are applied to different applications including battlefield communications, emergency relief scenarios, law enforcement, public meeting, virtual class room and other security-sensitive computing environments. Multicasting is a powerful scenario in MANET's environment. The design of the multicast scheme in MANET is more complex because of the dynamic change in the network topology and the limited bandwidth availability. Previous researches designed some ad hoc network routing protocols LAM [3], MZR

An Approach to Ad hoc Cloud Computing

We consider how underused computing resources within an enterprise may be harnessed to improve utilization and create an elastic computing infrastructure. Most current cloud provision involves a data center model, in which clusters of machines are dedicated to running cloud infrastructure software. We propose an additional model, the ad hoc cloud, in which infrastructure software is distributed over resources harvested from machines already in existence within an enterprise. In contrast to the data center cloud model, resource levels are not established a priori, nor are resources dedicated exclusively to the cloud while in use. A participating machine is not dedicated to the cloud, but has some other primary purpose such as running interactive processes for a particular user. We outline the major implementation challenges and one approach to tackling them

LIS: Localization based on an intelligent distributed fuzzy system applied to a WSN

The localization of the sensor nodes is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. There are a lot of different kinds of solutions in the literature. Some of them use external devices like GPS, while others use special hardware or implicit parameters in wireless communications. In applications like wildlife localization in a natural environment, where the power available and the weight are big restrictions, the use of hungry energy devices like GPS or hardware that add extra weight like mobile directional antenna is not a good solution. Due to these reasons it would be better to use the localization’s implicit characteristics in communications, such as connectivity, number of hops or RSSI. The measurement related to these parameters are currently integrated in most radio devices. These measurement techniques are based on the beacons’ transmissions between the devices. In the current study, a novel tracking distributed method, called LIS, for localization of the sensor nodes using moving devices in a network of static nodes, which have no additional hardware requirements is proposed. The position is obtained with the combination of two algorithms; one based on a local node using a fuzzy system to obtain a partial solution and the other based on a centralized method which merges all the partial solutions. The centralized algorithm is based on the calculation of the centroid of the partial solutions. Advantages of using fuzzy system versus the classical Centroid Localization (CL) algorithm without fuzzy preprocessing are compared with an ad hoc simulator made for testing localization algorithms. With this simulator, it is demonstrated that the proposed method obtains less localization errors and better accuracy than the centroid algorithm.Junta de Andalucía P07-TIC-0247

Lifeguard: Local Health Awareness for More Accurate Failure Detection

SWIM is a peer-to-peer group membership protocol with attractive scaling and robustness properties. However, slow message processing can cause SWIM to mark healthy members as failed (so called false positive failure detection), despite inclusion of a mechanism to avoid this. We identify the properties of SWIM that lead to the problem, and propose Lifeguard, a set of extensions to SWIM which consider that the local failure detector module may be at fault, via the concept of local health. We evaluate this approach in a precisely controlled environment and validate it in a real-world scenario, showing that it drastically reduces the rate of false positives. The false positive rate and detection time for true failures can be reduced simultaneously, compared to the baseline levels of SWIM

A personal networking solution

This paper presents an overview of research being conducted on Personal Networking Solutions within the Mobile VCE Personal Distributed Environment Work Area. In particular it attempts to highlight areas of commonality with the MAGNET initiative. These areas include trust of foreign devices and service providers, dynamic real-time service negotiation to permit context-aware service delivery, an automated controller algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks, and routing protocols for ad hoc networking environments. Where possible references are provided to Mobile VCE publications to enable further reading