Lessons learned: structuring knowledge codification and abstraction to provide meaningful information for learning

Purpose – To increase the spread and reuse of lessons learned (LLs), the purpose of this paper is to develop a standardised information structure to facilitate concise capture of the critical elements needed to engage secondary learners and help them apply lessons to their contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Three workshops with industry practitioners, an analysis of over 60 actual lessons from private and public sector organisations and seven practitioner interviews provided evidence of actual practice. Design science was used to develop a repeatable/consistent information model of LL content/structure. Workshop analysis and theory provided the coding template. Situation theory and normative analysis were used to define the knowledge and rule logic to standardise fields. Findings – Comparing evidence from practice against theoretical prescriptions in the literature highlighted important enhancements to the standard LL model. These were a consistent/concise rule and context structure, appropriate emotional language, reuse and control criteria to ensure lessons were transferrable and reusable in new situations. Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on a limited sample. Long-term benefits of standardisation and use need further research. A larger sample/longitudinal usage study is planned. Practical implications – The implementation of the LL structure was well-received in one government user site and other industry user sites are pending. Practitioners validated the design logic for improving capture and reuse of lessons to render themeasily translatable to a new learner’s context. Originality/value – The new LL structure is uniquely grounded in user needs, developed from existing best practice and is an original application of normative and situation theory to provide consistent rule logic for context/content structure

Wittgenstein on rules and practices

Some readers of Wittgenstein---I discuss Robert Brandom---think that his writings contain a regress argument showing that the notion of participating in a practice is more basic than the notion of following a rule, in explanations of linguistic correctness. But the regress argument bears equally on both these notions: if there is an explanatory regress of rules, then there is an explanatory regress of practices as well. Why then does Wittgenstein invoke the notion of a practice, apparently by way of diagnosing the error on which the regress argument rests? I suggest that he invokes that notion to emphasize certain aspects of rule-following which we are apt to neglect, when we forget that rule-following is---not, rests upon---participating in a practice. When we appreciate those aspects of rule/practice-following we see the flaw in both regress arguments

Tracking Report 2009 Adidas Group, Vietnam 500084173H

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_2009_AdidasGroup_TR_Vietnam_500084173H.pdf: 9 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Tracking Report 2011 H&M, Turkey 440076562J

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_2011_H_M_TR_Turkey_440076562J.pdf: 27 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

IDENTIFIKASI PENYEBAB CACAT PADA PRODUK PEMBALUT WANITA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FAULT TREE ANALYSIS (FTA) DI PT SOFTNESS INDONESIA INDAH – SURABAYA

Dalam era globalisasi serta kemudahan akses terhadap informasi, perkembangan produk dan jasa yang pesat telah mengubah bagaimana pelanggan bertransaksi dengan sebuah perusahaan. Situasi kompetisi dewasa ini tidak memberikan sedikitpun peluang bagi perusahaan untuk berbuat salah. Perusahaan harus benar-benar memuaskan pelanggannya dan selalu berupaya mencari cara baru untuk memenuhi permintaan pelanggan melebihi harapan-harapan pelanggan. PT. Softness Indonesia Indah merupakan suatu perusahaan yang memproduksi pembalut wanita dan belum pernah mengadakan pengendalian kualitas terhadap produk tersebut. Terutama produk pembalut wanita yang menjadi produk utama PT. Softness Indonesia Indah yang sering menerima keluhan dari pelanggannya akibat banyak terjadi kecacatan Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kecacatan produk dan akar-akar penyebabnya serta menganalisa dengan menggunakan probabilitas sehingga dapat dilakukan pengendalian produksi. Dengan menggunakan metode Fault Tree Analiysis yang mampu menganalisa kecacatan yang terjadi hingga ke akar-akar penyebabnya. Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi dengan menggunakan cut set agar lebih sederhana mengetahui peristiwa pembentukan kecacatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kecacatan terbesar berupa pres kurang tebal yang menjadi sebab utama. Dalam pengambilan sampling produk dengan waktu 8 jam/hari selama 3 bulan awal produksi, probabilitas terjadinya kecacatan tersebut sebesar 0,15 %. Kedua adalah lem yang keluar jalur, dengan probabilitas 0,12 %. Ketiga adalah berat pulp tidak sesuai takaran, dengan probabilitas 0,09 %. Dan keempat adalah pelipatan kurang normal, dengan probabilitas 0,09 %

Assessment Report 2014 s.Oliver Group, China AA0000000532

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_2014_s_Oliver_Group_AR_China_AA0000000532.pdf: 28 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

From Protecting Lives to Protecting States: Use of Force Across the Threat Continuum

The increasing prominence in recent years of non-international armed conflicts that extend across state borders has strained the traditional legal categories that we use to regulate state use of force. Simultaneous with this phenomenon has been growing acceptance that human rights law and international humanitarian law should co-exist, with the former informing interpretations of the latter to varying degrees. Scholars continue to debate vigorously the implications of these developments and how these bodies of law should interact. As Kenneth Watkin’s book Fighting at the Legal Boundaries: Controlling the Use of Force in Contemporary Conflict observes, however, commanders have no choice but to navigate these ambiguities and attempt to reconcile these tensions on the operational level as they engage in hostilities. Watkin’s magisterial book can be seen both as a work of operational law and a major scholarly treatment of the law governing the use of force. It provides detailed accounts of how situations arise on the ground that evade easy classification in terms of our existing conceptual and legal categories. At the same time, it furnishes a valuable framework for analyzing the features of such operations that are relevant in assessing how force should be used in particular scenarios. Finally, Watkin offers a set of principles for both operational law and broader policy decisions to help navigate the complex terrain of modern security challenges. Watkin argues that the twenty-first century approach to conflict must be “holistic” in nature. On the one hand, it must it must acknowledge “the simultaneous application of humanitarian and human rights law,” and the greater influence of the latter in shaping perceptions of the legitimacy of violence. On the other hand, it must appreciate that “the altered security environment of this century has witnessed a definite move away from looking at conflict itself as being uniquely conventional or unconventional,” as transnational non-state organized armed groups have emerged that do not resemble traditional armed forces. This review essay describes the main ideas in Watkin’s rich and comprehensive analysis. It then focuses in more detail on two of his suggestions. The first is that state forces should presumptively operate under law enforcement rules until this is insufficient to meet a threat, even in the course of an armed conflict. This reflects the incorporation of human rights principles as a default policy even when more permissive rules on use of force are available. The second suggestion is that certain hostile engagements with non-state forces may appropriately be characterized as armed conflicts of limited duration, governed by international humanitarian law. These two proposals reflect his view that characterization of the nature of hostilities should depend upon facts on the ground, specifically the nature of the means that states must use in order effectively to deal with a threat. I then discuss whether this approach should lead to assessments of state use of force that rely on contextual analysis of the weight of the interests at stake in a given situation, rather than on classification of hostilities in one of our two traditional main legal categories. While Watkin does not take this step, I analyze the work of others who make a cogent argument that we should. Ultimately, I conclude that our existing imperfect legal framework is preferable to a purely contextual approach, because of the radically different moral universes that animate human rights law and international humanitarian law

Tracking Report 2010 PVH Corp, India 1000321197I

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_2010_PVH_Corp_TR_India_1000321197I.pdf: 8 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Tracking Chart 2009 Columbia Sportswear Company, Vietnam

Outlines the specific problems that were found by monitors and the action taken by Columbia Sportswear in response to an FLA audit of a Columbia Sportswear factory in Vietnam