Analysis of Substance Use and Impulsivity in Relation to Juveniles Committing an Offense

Research suggests that among high-risk adolescents there is a strong relationship between substance use and having committed an offense. Further, adolescents with impulsive personality characteristics are more likely to use or abuse alcohol and other substances than their less impulsive peers. Therefore, impulsivity may be one potential mediator in the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and externalizing disorders such as conduct disorder, which increases the likelihood of committing an offense large enough to end up in a juvenile detention facility. Using a subset of data collected from a larger longitudinal study, this study utilized behavioral and neuroimaging data to examine the relationship between substance use, impulsivity, and committing an offense among a population of adolescent offenders. Participants (n=225), were between the ages of 14-18 years and were recruited from the Youth Reporting Center (YRC) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Impulsivity was significantly correlated with having committed an offense (r = .176, p \u3c .01), and was also correlated with, alcohol use (r = .167, p \u3c .01), alcohol related problems (r = .289, p \u3c .01), and alcohol dependence (r = .213, p \u3c .01). Contrary to previous research findings, none of the alcohol measures were significantly correlated with committing an offense. The orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum volumes were also not correlated with impulsivity or having committed an offense. Although results were not in line with hypotheses, they do offer insight into the complex relationship between adolescent substance use and personality characteristics

Analyzing Farmer Participation Intentions and Enrollment Rates for the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) Program

The 2008 Farm Bill created the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program as a new commodity support program. Using a multinomial logit model to analyze a mail survey administered before the ACRE sign-up deadline, we identify factors driving farmer intentions regarding ACRE participation. Using a two-limit Tobit model to analyze actual county-level ACRE enrollment rates, we assess the effect of similar factors on actual farmer decisions. Results suggest that primary crops, risk perceptions, risk aversion, and program complexity were important factors. Farmer beliefs and attitudes also played key roles and were evolving during the months before the ACRE deadline.

Development of a Nutrition Education Tool to Reduce the Risk of Childhood Obesity in a Northwest Arkansas Hispanic Population

Health Sciences, Nutritio

Lessons Learned in the Southern Region after the First Year of Implementation of the New Commodity Programs

The development of the commodity programs in the 2008 Farm Bill involved the origination of two complex revenue support initiatives. The two new programs, Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) and Supplemental Revenue Assurance (SURE), expanded the risk management tool kit of agricultural producers. The SURE program is a permanent disaster assistance program, whereas the ACRE program is a revenue-based commodity program offered as an alternative to the price-based Direct and Counter-Cyclical Program (DCP) created in the 2002 Farm Bill. For the 2009 signup, only 7.7% of eligible U.S. farms enrolled in the ACRE program. In the southern region, three states had no farms electing ACRE and four others had less than 50. Excluding Oklahoma, less than 1% of all farms in 13 southern states made the ACRE election.farm policy, Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008, Average Crop Revenue Election Program (ACRE), Supplemental Revenue Assistance (SURE), Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Political Economy, Q1,

Expected Payments and Considerations for the New ACRE Program

The 2008 Farm Bill provided an option for receiving commodity program payments through existing programs or a new revenue-based alternative – the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program. ACRE is a state-level revenue program which, if elected, replaces the price-based countercyclical program. Enrollment requires the forfeiture of 20 percent of a producer’s direct payments and reduces loan rates by 30 percent. This article provides estimates of long-term expected ACRE payments for corn, soybean, and wheat acres across a variety of states. Within the cornbelt, expected ACRE payments are similar across regions for each of the crops considered, and will likely exceed the required reduction in direct payments. Outside of the cornbelt, expected ACRE payments vary considerably.Farm Management, Production Economics,

Bryophytes of Rio Branco Municipality, Acre, Brazil

A survey of the bryophyte flora of Rio Branco Municipality, State of Acre, Brazil, has revealed a total of 76 species of bryophyte; 66 are new records for the State of Acre and two hepaticas, Cololejeunea dzumacensis P. Tix. and Lejeunea bermudiana (Evs.) Schust., are new records for Brazil. The Anthocerotae are represented only by Notothylas vitalii Udar & Singh

Why Was Acre a No-Go with Iowa Farmers?

Abstract� In 2009 Iowa farmers had the opportunity to enroll in a new revenue support program called ACRE.� A survey showed that those who did enroll desired more risk protection and believed that payments from ACRE would exceed the value of direct payments forfeited.� Operators who did not enroll said the program was too complex, and they did not want to give up a portion of the direct payments.� Those who enrolled farmed more acres and depended more on crop production for their gross income, and were more likely to use crop insurance and pre-harvest pricing.�commodity; ACRE; farm program

ECONOMIC LINKAGES BETWEEN COASTAL WETLANDS AND HABITAT/SPECIES PROTECTION: A REVIEW OF VALUE ESTIMATES REPORTED IN THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE

This manuscript summarizes a total of 8 peer-reviewed studies, published from 1975 to 2001, reporting 24 separate estimates for the disaggregate2 value of habitat and species protection services provided by coastal and non-coastal wetlands. Estimates varied within a single order of magnitude and were fairly tightly bounded. Considering only coastal zone wetlands across all study categories, the value of habitat and species protection ranged from $168.96/acre/year to$403.16/acre/year, with a mean and median of $249.44/acre/year and$253.47/acre/year, respectively. By comparison, reported estimates of willingness-to-pay (WTP) values for wetland habitat and species protection services ranged from a low of $30.12 to$434.67, with a mean and median of $211.59 and$213.86, respectively. Geographic location and type of wetland appeared to have a relatively minor impact on the estimated values.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Market analysis for Acrean timbers

In the state of Acre (Brazil), keys of development are the valorization of natural resources, which include non-ligneous and timber products. The need to develop a sustainable wood industry lead to assess markets that can be targeted from Acre in an sustainable and economic way. The objective of this analysis is so to highlight the opportunities and the marketing strategies that are the most suitable from a timber business point of view, in the specific context of Acre. Care should be taken that all the conclusions that can be interpreted from this work are valid from a timber business point of view, but these market considerations don’t necessarily prevail on other considerations, such as social or political ones. From a general point of view, Acre State, despite its remote location, is not independent of the globalization process. This means that the market analysis is required to start from the world level markets, and has to deepen progressively down to national, regional and local levels, in order to correctly isolate which are the competitive advantages and disadvantages of the specific Acrean context.

Understanding Acre for Cotton

The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 was passed into law on May 22, 2008 with veto override votes in the House of Representatives and the Senate (House 2008). A difference between the 2002 and the 2008 bills is the newly instituted revenue-based counter-cyclical program called the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program available beginning crop year 2009. The ACRE program is offered as an alternative to the counter-cyclical payment (CCP) program that was in place during the 2002-2008 period. Beginning with the 2009 crop year, producers will have the option to enroll their farm in either the CCP program or the ACRE program. If ACRE is elected, producers cannot change program participation for the duration of the 2008 farm bill (ERS 2008). This is a very complex decision due to the number of variables that must be considered and depends on the individual farm situation. It requires that farms, rather than crops or commodities, enter the program, so that the decision relies on the impacts of program choice on farm income. That aside, understanding commodity situations is a first step toward understanding and making decisions on individual farm situations. The purpose of this briefing paper is to provide assistance in understanding the differences between the ACRE and CCP programs for one crop, cotton, in one state, Texas. The briefing paper will also show the results of a comparison between CCP and ACRE payments using a sample of actual farm data.Agricultural and Food Policy,