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    ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ํ•ญ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊ณ„๋‹จ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธต ๊ฒฐ์ • ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ๋ฐ•์ฐฌ๊ตญ.This masterโ€™s thesis presents a new algorithm for determining floors in pedestrian navigation. In the proposed algorithm, the types of stairs are classified by shape analysis, and the floors are determined based on the stair type. In order to implement our algorithm, the walking direction estimated through the Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) system is used. The walking direction signal has different shapes depending on the stair types. Then, shape analysis is applied to the signal shapes of the walking direction to identify the types of stairs and determine the floor change. The proposed algorithm is verified through simulations and experiments, and it is confirmed that it works well even when moving through multiple floors with several different types of stairs. It is also verified that the performance is superior to the conventional floor determination algorithm.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ์น˜(IMU: Inertial Measurement Unit)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ํ•ญ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธต ์ด๋™ ์‹œ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธต์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰์žํ•ญ๋ฒ•(PDR: Pedestrian Dead Reckoning) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๊ณ ๋„, ๊ฑธ์Œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๊ณ ๋„๋Š” ๊ณ„๋‹จ ๋ณดํ–‰์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์น  ๋•Œ ํ‰์ง€ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋  ์ •๋„์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธต ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋„ ์ถ”์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์กด์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋‹จ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์‹œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ถ„์„(statistical shape analysis) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ธต์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธต ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์ž˜ ๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ธต ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธต ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์„ฑ ์ธก์ •์žฅ์น˜ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ผ์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์„ ํ†ต์‹  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธต ๋†’์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์ธต์„ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives and Contributions 2 Chapter 2 Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System 4 2.1 Overview of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning 4 2.2 Integration Approach 5 2.2.1 Strapdown inertial navigation system 5 2.2.2 Extended Kalman filter 6 2.2.3 INS-EKF-ZUPT 7 Chapter 3 Shape Analysis 10 3.1 Euclidean Similarity Transformation 11 3.2 Full Procrustes Distance 12 Chapter 4 Floor Determination 14 4.1 Stair Types 15 4.2 Stair Type Classification Algorithm 17 4.3 Floor Determination Algorithm 18 Chapter 5 Simulation and Experimental Results 22 5.1 Simulation Results 22 5.2 Experimental Results Single Floor Change 30 5.3 Experimental Results Multiple Floor Changes 32 5.3.1 Scenario 1 32 5.3.2 Scenario 2 37 Chapter 6 Conclusion 40 6.1 Conclusion and Summary 40 6.2 Future Work 41 Bibliography 42 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 46์„
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