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A tribute to Elizaveta Ubryatova: professional life and personal destiny
The article was submitted on 10.06.2015. Translated by Dr. Lilia Gorelova.In Russia, the name of prominent turkologist Elizaveta Ivanovna Ubryatova, at present is known mostly to specialists who study the languages spoken by the Northern peoples of the country. However, the essence of scientific research of a linguist of such a calibre includes naturally attentive and concerned attitude to the fate of the peoples residing in the North of Russia, which was especially important in the conditions of the Soviet era. Survival of the Northern peoples and their languages became for Ubryatova not only a scientific problem but also a mission of vital importance. Ubryatovaβs scientific interests were not restricted to linguistic problems, she also purposefully studied the important monuments of folk literature and ethnography of indigenous peoples. This was due to her scientific breadth, social responsibility, and commitment to a supreme mastery of the research object. That is why she became the founder of the original linguistic and cultural school in the study of the history and structures of languages spoken by peoples living in the North of Russia. The scale of her bright personality, combined with her intelligence, patience, and feminine care about colleagues and students, made her a center of attraction for researchers in this field. She launched an extensive project of publishing works devoted to folklore of the peoples who inhabited the Northern territories of Russia, and whose traditional culture became a part of the world culture as a result. The languages of the Dolgans and Yakuts became the main topics of her research. In this article, we outline the major ideas proposed by Ubryatova in her works, viz., those concerning the origin of the Turkic languages, Dolgan and Yakut in particular, and principles of the organization of the Yakut syntax. In her works, devoted to syntactic problems, Ubryatova determined the fundamental characteristic features of systemic organization of Turkic languages, Yakut in particular, as the ability of these languages to link language units of different levels between each other by using the same grammatical means. In Turkic languages, almost all syntactic relations between clauses can be expressed grammatically, and this linguistic phenomenon entails the existence of a diverse and advanced system of non-finite verbal forms. These important findings can be successfully generalised to embrace all Altaic languages. Addressing a linguistic problem, Ubryatova combined her deep intuition with intensive field work and systematic theoretic investigation. Monographs and textbooks written by Ubryatova belong to the gold reserve of Turkology and cultural linguistics.Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ±Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°, ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ, Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π± Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΈ - Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Β«ΠΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Β». Π ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π΅ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π£Π±ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ