A Survey of QoS Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks

The aim of this paper is to give a big survey in enhancing the balance of the routing load and the consumption of resources using network layer metrics for the path discovery in the MAODV protocol. A ad hoc network (AD HOC NETWORKS) consists of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which form a temporary network without relying on any existing infrastructure or centralized administration. The bandwidth of the ad hoc networks architecture is limited and shared between the participating nodes in the network, therefore an efficient utilization of the network bandwidth is very important. Multicasting technology can minimize the consumption of the link bandwidth and reduce the communication cost too. As multimedia and group-oriented computing gains more popularity for users of ad hoc networks, the effective Quality of Service (QoS) of the multicasting protocol plays a significant role in ad hoc networks. In this paper we propose a reconstruction of the MAODV protocol by extending some featuring QoS in MAODV. All simulations are prepared with the NS2 simulator and compare the performance of this algorithm with the MAODV algorithm. The achieved results illustrate faster path discovery and more performing routing balance in the use of MAODV-Extension.This paper would give relatively a modest support in Mobile Technology according to QoS communication

A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a wireless network infrastructure for sensed data transport in environments where wired or satellite technologies cannot be used. Because the embedded hardware of the sensor nodes has been improved very much in the last years and the number of real deployments is increasing considerably, they have become a reliable option for the transmission of any type of sensed data, from few sensed measures to multimedia data. This paper proposes a new protocol that uses an ad hoc cluster based architecture which is able to adapt the logical sensor network topology to the delivered multimedia stream features, guaranteeing the quality of the communications. The proposed protocol uses the quality of service (QoS) parameters, such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss, of each type of multimedia stream as a basis for the sensor clusters creation and organization inside the WSN, providing end-to-end QoS for each multimedia stream. We present real experiments that show the performance of the protocol for several video and audio cases when it is runningThis work has been partially supported by the "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion," through the "Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011" in the "Subprograma de Proyectos de Investigacion Fundamental," Project TEC2011-27516. This work has also been partially supported by the Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Portugal, by the Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01, and by National Funding from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the PEst-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project.Díaz Santos, JR.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, JM.; Rodrigues, JJPC. (2014). A QoS-Based Wireless Multimedia Sensor Cluster Protocol. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2014:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/480372S1172014Bri, D., Garcia, M., Lloret, J., & Dini, P. (2009). 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S., & Villalba, L. J. G. (2012). A distributed QoS mechanism for ad hoc network. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(1), 25. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2012.049282Çevik, T., & Zaim, A. H. (2013). A Multichannel Cross-Layer Architecture for Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(3), 457045. doi:10.1155/2013/457045Li, Z., Bi, J., & Chen, S. (2013). Traffic Prediction-Based Fast Rerouting Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(5), 176293. doi:10.1155/2013/176293Lloret, J., Palau, C., Boronat, F., & Tomas, J. (2008). Improving networks using group-based topologies. Computer Communications, 31(14), 3438-3450. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2008.05.030Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Tomás, J., & Boronat, F. (2008). GBP-WAHSN: A Group-Based Protocol for Large Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks. 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IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(1), 32-48. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1423333Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14-15), 2826-2841. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2007.05.024Boyinbode, O., Le, H., & Takizawa, M. (2011). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Space-Based and Situated Computing, 1(2/3), 130. doi:10.1504/ijssc.2011.040339Ramachandran, L., Kapoor, M., Sarkar, A., & Aggarwal, A. (2000). Clustering algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communications - DIALM ’00. doi:10.1145/345848.345860Chatterjee, M., Das, S. K., & Turgut, D. (2002). Cluster Computing, 5(2), 193-204. doi:10.1023/a:1013941929408Huang, Y.-M., Hsieh, M.-Y., & Wang, M.-S. (2007). Reliable transmission of multimedia streaming using a connection prediction scheme in cluster-based ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 30(2), 440-452. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.09.012Tang, S., & Li, W. (2006). QoS supporting and optimal energy allocation for a cluster based wireless sensor network. Computer Communications, 29(13-14), 2569-2577. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.02.007Rosário, D., Costa, R., Paraense, H., Machado, K., Cerqueira, E., Braun, T., & Zhao, Z. (2012). A Hierarchical Multi-hop Multimedia Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 4(4). doi:10.5296/npa.v4i4.2121Diaz, J. R., Lloret, J., Jiménez, J. M., & Hammoumi, M. (2014). A new multimedia-oriented architecture and protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 14. doi:10.1504/ijahuc.2014.062486Meghanathan, N., & Mumford, P. (2013). 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Improving the performance of QoS models in MANETs through interference monitoring and correction

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have been proposed for a wide variety of applications, some of which require the support of real time and multimedia services. To do so, the network should be able to offer quality of service (QoS) appropriate for the latency and throughput bounds to meet appropriate real time constraints imposed by multimedia data. Due to the limited resources such as bandwidth in a wireless medium, flows need to be prioritised in order to guarantee QoS to the flows that need it. In this research, we propose a scheme to provide QoS guarantee to high priority flows in the presence of other high as well as low priority flows so that both type of flows achieve best possible throughput and end-to-end delays. Nodes independently monitor the level of interference by checking the rates of the highest priority flows and signal corrective mechanisms when these rates fall outside of specified thresholds. This research investigates using simulations the effects of a number of important parameters in MANETs, including node speed, pause time, interference, and the dynamic monitoring and correction on system performance in static and mobile scenarios. In this report we show that the dynamic monitoring and correction provides improved QoS than fixed monitoring and correction to both high priority and low priority flows in MANETs