Dynamic point-region quadtrees for particle simulations

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We propose an algorithm for dynamically updating point-region (PR) quadtrees. Our algorithm is optimized for simultaneous update of data points comprising a quadtree. The intended application area focuses on simulating continuum phenomena, such as crowds, fluids, and smoke. We minimize the number of tree updates by making use of small changes in the positions of data points. We compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with two other approaches for updating a quadtree. One of these techniques creates the tree from scratch at each time-step. The second technique subsequently deletes a data point from the tree and reinserts it in its updated position. We achieve significant performance gains with our method in both cases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A Scalable Constraint-Based Q-hash Indexing for Moving Objects

In this paper, we develop a Q-hash index structure to efficiently store the position of moving objects. An environment of moving objects contains continuously changing locations which are hard to index using traditional index structures such as R-trees, QuadTrees and their variants. In order to answer the queries accurately, one of the problems faced in storing these positions is the number of updates that have to be made to the database whenever locations change. The high maintenance overhead on updates leads to performance degradation of these index structures; additionally, it makes the database very bulky which results in very poor performance in terms of query execution time. One of the main objectives of the structure we propose is to minimize the number of updates to the database to an optimal number so that the accuracy and response time of the query result are not compromised and at the same time the number of wireless communications can be reduced. The indexing is done using a hashing technique where the hashing function makes use of a region based QuadTree structure. To improve the efficiency of the query processing our index structure helps us define constraints over speed, direction and location of the moving object at the device level which controls the number of updates. In addition, in order to answer different query types efficiently at all levels we propose a three-tier (moving object, regional server, central repository) architecture. Our extensive performance evaluation and comparison of the proposed technique concludes that our scheme outperforms existing Q + R-tree and QuadTree in terms of range query execution time by a high order of magnitude