V2X Meets NOMA: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for 5G Enabled Vehicular Networks

Benefited from the widely deployed infrastructure, the LTE network has recently been considered as a promising candidate to support the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services. However, with a massive number of devices accessing the V2X network in the future, the conventional OFDM-based LTE network faces the congestion issues due to its low efficiency of orthogonal access, resulting in significant access delay and posing a great challenge especially to safety-critical applications. The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique has been well recognized as an effective solution for the future 5G cellular networks to provide broadband communications and massive connectivity. In this article, we investigate the applicability of NOMA in supporting cellular V2X services to achieve low latency and high reliability. Starting with a basic V2X unicast system, a novel NOMA-based scheme is proposed to tackle the technical hurdles in designing high spectral efficient scheduling and resource allocation schemes in the ultra dense topology. We then extend it to a more general V2X broadcasting system. Other NOMA-based extended V2X applications and some open issues are also discussed.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Wireless Communications Magazin

Pay as You Go: A Generic Crypto Tolling Architecture

The imminent pervasive adoption of vehicular communication, based on dedicated short-range technology (ETSI ITS G5 or IEEE WAVE), 5G, or both, will foster a richer service ecosystem for vehicular applications. The appearance of new cryptography based solutions envisaging digital identity and currency exchange are set to stem new approaches for existing and future challenges. This paper presents a novel tolling architecture that harnesses the availability of 5G C-V2X connectivity for open road tolling using smartphones, IOTA as the digital currency and Hyperledger Indy for identity validation. An experimental feasibility analysis is used to validate the proposed architecture for secure, private and convenient electronic toll payment

Reducing Message Collisions in Sensing-based Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) by Using Reselection Lookaheads in Cellular V2X

In the C-V2X sidelink Mode 4 communication, the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) implements a message collision avoidance algorithm to cope with the undesirable effects of wireless channel congestion. Still, the current standard mechanism produces high number of packet collisions, which may hinder the high-reliability communications required in future C-V2X applications such as autonomous driving. In this paper, we show that by drastically reducing the uncertainties in the choice of the resource to use for SPS, we can significantly reduce the message collisions in the C-V2X sidelink Mode 4. Specifically, we propose the use of the "lookahead," which contains the next starting resource location in the time-frequency plane. By exchanging the lookahead information piggybacked on the periodic safety message, vehicular user equipments (UEs) can eliminate most message collisions arising from the ignorance of other UEs' internal decisions. Although the proposed scheme would require the inclusion of the lookahead in the control part of the packet, the benefit may outweigh the bandwidth cost, considering the stringent reliability requirement in future C-V2X applications.Comment: Submitted to MDPI Sensor