4,525 research outputs found
Differential-Algebraic Equations and Beyond: From Smooth to Nonsmooth Constrained Dynamical Systems
The present article presents a summarizing view at differential-algebraic
equations (DAEs) and analyzes how new application fields and corresponding
mathematical models lead to innovations both in theory and in numerical
analysis for this problem class. Recent numerical methods for nonsmooth
dynamical systems subject to unilateral contact and friction illustrate the
topicality of this development.Comment: Preprint of Book Chapte
Coherence Resonance in Chaotic Systems
We show that it is possible for chaotic systems to display the main features
of coherence resonance. In particular, we show that a Chua model, operating in
a chaotic regime and in the presence of noise, can exhibit oscillations whose
regularity is optimal for some intermediate value of the noise intensity. We
find that the power spectrum of the signal develops a peak at finite frequency
at intermediate values of the noise. These are all signatures of coherence
resonance. We also experimentally study a Chua circuit and corroborate the
above simulation results. Finally, we analyze a simple model composed of two
separate limit cycles which still exhibits coherence resonance, and show that
its behavior is qualitatively similar to that of the chaotic Chua systemComment: 4 pages (including 4 figures) LaTeX fil
Quantum state diffusion, localization and computation
Numerical simulation of individual open quantum systems has proven advantages
over density operator computations. Quantum state diffusion with a moving basis
(MQSD) provides a practical numerical simulation method which takes full
advantage of the localization of quantum states into wave packets occupying
small regions of classical phase space. Following and extending the original
proposal of Percival, Alber and Steimle, we show that MQSD can provide a
further gain over ordinary QSD and other quantum trajectory methods of many
orders of magnitude in computational space and time. Because of these gains, it
is even possible to calculate an open quantum system trajectory when the
corresponding isolated system is intractable. MQSD is particularly advantageous
where classical or semiclassical dynamics provides an adequate qualitative
picture but is numerically inaccurate because of significant quantum effects.
The principles are illustrated by computations for the quantum Duffing
oscillator and for second harmonic generation in quantum optics. Potential
applications in atomic and molecular dynamics, quantum circuits and quantum
computation are suggested.Comment: 16 pages in LaTeX, 2 uuencoded postscript figures, submitted to J.
Phys.
Sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems with state jumps with application to trajectory tracking
This paper addresses the sensitivity analysis for hybrid systems with
discontinuous (jumping) state trajectories. We consider state-triggered jumps
in the state evolution, potentially accompanied by mode switching in the
control vector field as well. For a given trajectory with state jumps, we show
how to construct an approximation of a nearby perturbed trajectory
corresponding to a small variation of the initial condition and input. A major
complication in the construction of such an approximation is that, in general,
the jump times corresponding to a nearby perturbed trajectory are not equal to
those of the nominal one. The main contribution of this work is the development
of a notion of error to clarify in which sense the approximate trajectory is,
at each instant of time, a firstorder approximation of the perturbed
trajectory. This notion of error naturally finds application in the (local)
tracking problem of a time-varying reference trajectory of a hybrid system. To
illustrate the possible use of this new error definition in the context of
trajectory tracking, we outline how the standard linear trajectory tracking
control for nonlinear systems -based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory
to compute the optimal feedback gain- could be generalized for hybrid systems
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