An empirical two-group study into electronic note-taking

The relationship between students learning traditionally or through virtual worlds using computer-oriented tools is of keen interest. Although, the extent to electronic learning varies in great degrees from entire online environments to partial complimentary tools which differ according to their functions. The focus of this research paper is to discuss the paradigm shift from traditional means of study to computerisation, in particular relating to the area of note-taking. Research into cognitive factors associated with learning and performance including memory have put forward suggestions, which could assist the cumulative learning process. Comparative analysis between a number of note-taking techniques refined the study with the electronic adaptation of the popular Cornell method with the proposed En-AISR platform. Emphasis has been placed on the influence and significance towards the amalgamation of multi-modal features to enhance and stimulate students learning experience. A two-group study measured students learning, performance, and experience between both systems using usability criteria. Outcomes from this experiment suggest a positive influence of a multi-modal note-taking tool as a complimentary learning aid

ATLAS: A flexible and extensible architecture for linguistic annotation

We describe a formal model for annotating linguistic artifacts, from which we derive an application programming interface (API) to a suite of tools for manipulating these annotations. The abstract logical model provides for a range of storage formats and promotes the reuse of tools that interact through this API. We focus first on ``Annotation Graphs,'' a graph model for annotations on linear signals (such as text and speech) indexed by intervals, for which efficient database storage and querying techniques are applicable. We note how a wide range of existing annotated corpora can be mapped to this annotation graph model. This model is then generalized to encompass a wider variety of linguistic ``signals,'' including both naturally occuring phenomena (as recorded in images, video, multi-modal interactions, etc.), as well as the derived resources that are increasingly important to the engineering of natural language processing systems (such as word lists, dictionaries, aligned bilingual corpora, etc.). We conclude with a review of the current efforts towards implementing key pieces of this architecture.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Collaborative Uncertainty Benefits Multi-Agent Multi-Modal Trajectory Forecasting

In multi-modal multi-agent trajectory forecasting, two major challenges have not been fully tackled: 1) how to measure the uncertainty brought by the interaction module that causes correlations among the predicted trajectories of multiple agents; 2) how to rank the multiple predictions and select the optimal predicted trajectory. In order to handle these challenges, this work first proposes a novel concept, collaborative uncertainty (CU), which models the uncertainty resulting from interaction modules. Then we build a general CU-aware regression framework with an original permutation-equivariant uncertainty estimator to do both tasks of regression and uncertainty estimation. Further, we apply the proposed framework to current SOTA multi-agent multi-modal forecasting systems as a plugin module, which enables the SOTA systems to 1) estimate the uncertainty in the multi-agent multi-modal trajectory forecasting task; 2) rank the multiple predictions and select the optimal one based on the estimated uncertainty. We conduct extensive experiments on a synthetic dataset and two public large-scale multi-agent trajectory forecasting benchmarks. Experiments show that: 1) on the synthetic dataset, the CU-aware regression framework allows the model to appropriately approximate the ground-truth Laplace distribution; 2) on the multi-agent trajectory forecasting benchmarks, the CU-aware regression framework steadily helps SOTA systems improve their performances. Specially, the proposed framework helps VectorNet improve by 262 cm regarding the Final Displacement Error of the chosen optimal prediction on the nuScenes dataset; 3) for multi-agent multi-modal trajectory forecasting systems, prediction uncertainty is positively correlated with future stochasticity; and 4) the estimated CU values are highly related to the interactive information among agents.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.1394

Dugundji’s theorem revisited

sem informaçãoIn 1940 Dugundji proved that no system between S1 and S5 can be characterized by finite matrices. Dugundji’s result forced the development of alternative semantics, in particular Kripke’s relational semantics. The success of this semantics allowed the creation of a huge family of modal systems. With few adaptations, this semantics can characterize almost the totality of the modal systems developed in the last five decades. This semantics however has some limits. Two results of incompleteness (for the systems KH and VB) showed that not every modal logic can be characterized by Kripke frames. Besides, the creation of non-classical modal logics puts the problem of characterization of finite matrices very far away from the original scope of Dugundji’s result. In this sense, we will show how to update Dugundji’s result in order to make precise the scope and the limits of many-valued matrices as semantic of modal systems. A brief comparison with the useful Chagrov and Zakharyaschev’s criterion of tabularity for modal logics is provided.In 1940 Dugundji proved that no system between S1 and S5 can be characterized by finite matrices. Dugundji’s result forced the development of alternative semantics, in particular Kripke’s relational semantics. The success of this semantics allowed the creation of a huge family of modal systems. With few adaptations, this semantics can characterize almost the totality of the modal systems developed in the last five decades. This semantics however has some limits. Two results of incompleteness (for the systems KH and VB) showed that not every modal logic can be characterized by Kripke frames. Besides, the creation of non-classical modal logics puts the problem of characterization of finite matrices very far away from the original scope of Dugundji’s result. In this sense, we will show how to update Dugundji’s result in order to make precise the scope and the limits of many-valued matrices as semantic of modal systems. A brief comparison with the useful Chagrov and Zakharyaschev’s criterion of tabularity for modal logics is provided.8407422sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçãohttp://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/logic-modal-origins/, Ballarin, R.: Modern origins of modal logic. In: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2010 edition. (2010)Béziau, J.Y., A new four-valued approach to modal logic (2011) Log. Anal, 54 (213), pp. 109-121Bueno-Soler, J., (2009) Multimodalidades anódicas e catódicas: a negação controlada em lógicas multimodais e seu poder expressivo (Anhodic and cathodic multimodalities: controlled negation in multimodal logics and their expressive power, in Portuguese). PhD thesis, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, , Unicamp, Campinas:Carnielli, W.A., Pizzi, C., Modalities and multimodalities (2008) Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science, vol, p. 12. , Springer-Verlag, New York:Chagrov, A.V., Zakharyaschev, M., Modal logic (1997) Oxford Logic Guides, vol, p. 35. , Oxford University Press, Oxford:Creswell, M.J., Hughes, G.E., (1996) A New Introduction to Modal Logic, , Routledge, London:Dugundji, J., Note on a property of matrices for Lewis and Langford’s calculi of propositions (1940) J. Symb. Log, 5 (4), pp. 150-151Esakia, L., Meskhi, V., Five critical modal systems (1977) Theoria, 43 (1), pp. 52-60Gödel, K.: Eine intepretation des intionistischen Aussagenkalkül. Ergebnisse eines mathematischen Kolloquiums 4, 6–7 (1933) (English translation in [13], pp. 300–303)Gödel, K.: Zur intuitionistischen arithmetik und zahlentheorie. Ergebnisse eines mathematischen Kolloquiums 4, 34–38 (1933) (English translation in [13], pp. 222–225)Gödel, K., Kurt Godel, Collected Works: Publications 1929–1936. Oxford University Press (1986) CaryHenkin, L., Fragments of the proposicional calculus (1949) J. Symb. Log, 14 (1), pp. 42-48Lewis, C.I., Langford, C.H., (1932) Symbolic Logic, , Century, New York:Lemmon, E.J., New foundations for Lewis modal systems (1957) J. Symb. Log, 22 (2), pp. 176-186Lemmon, E.J., Algebraic semantics for modal logics I (1966) J. Symb. Log, 31 (1), pp. 44-65Łukasiewicz,J.: O logice trójwartościowej. Ruch Filozoficzny 5, 170–171 (1920) (English translation in [19] pp. 87–88)Łukasiewicz, J., (1970) Selected Works. Studies in Logic, , North-Holland Publishing Company, London:McKinsey, J.C.C., A reduction in number of the postulates for C. I. Lewis’ system of strict implication (1934) Bull. (New Ser.) Am. Math. Soc, 40, pp. 425-427Magari, R., Representation and duality theory for diagonalizable algebras (1975) Stud. Log, 34 (4), pp. 305-313Scroggs, S.J., Extensions of the Lewis system S5 (1951) J. Symb. Log, 16 (2), pp. 112-120Sobociński, B., Family K of the non-Lewis modal systens. Notre Dame (1964) J. Formal Log, V (4), pp. 313-318Zeman, J.J., Modal Logic: The Lewis Systems. Clarendon Press (1973) U

'Modal-noise' in single-mode fibers: A cautionary note for high precision radial velocity instruments

Exploring the use of single-mode fibers (SMFs) in high precision Doppler spectrometers has become increasingly attractive since the advent of diffraction-limited adaptive optics systems on large-aperture telescopes. Spectrometers fed with these fibers can be made significantly smaller than typical 'seeing-limited' instruments, greatly reducing cost and overall complexity. Importantly, classical mode interference and speckle issues associated with multi-mode fibers, also known as 'modal noise', are mitigated when using SMFs, which also provide perfect radial and azimuthal image scrambling. However, these fibers do support multiple polarization modes, an issue that is generally ignored for larger-core fibers given the large number of propagation modes. Since diffraction gratings used in most high resolution astronomical instruments have dispersive properties that are sensitive to incident polarization changes, any birefringence variations in the fiber can cause variations in the efficiency profile, degrading illumination stability. Here we present a cautionary note outlining how the polarization properties of SMFs can affect the radial velocity measurement precision of high resolution spectrographs. This work is immediately relevant to the rapidly expanding field of diffraction-limited, extreme precision RV spectrographs that are currently being designed and built by a number of groups.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter