Passenger Queuing Analysis Method of Security Inspection and Ticket-Checking Area without Archway Metal Detector in Metro Stations

In order to avoid the congestion in front of the entrance gate units, it is necessary to analyse and optimise the queuing situation at the planning and design stage. The security inspection area and the ticket-checking area were jointly considered, and a queuing congestion analysis method was proposed. Firstly, the research problem was stated. Then, the problem of calculating the number of passengers in each subarea at any time was transformed into the problem of calculating the transit time of each passenger in each subarea. The transit time was divided into basic transit time and additional transit time. Based on the velocity-density relationship, a quantisation method for basic transit time was proposed related to passenger arrival time. The additional transit time was determined by the moment when the passengers left the subarea according to the sequence of arrival of passengers, the number of queuing passengers in the subarea and the congestion of the subarea to be entered. Finally, the queuing situation of passengers in each subarea at any moment was obtained through passenger flow recursion. Examples showed that the proposed method can deal with multiple working conditions and avoid the tedious and time-consuming scene construction process of the microsimulation software

Impact du confort sur le choix des trajets en transport collectif

«RÉSUMÉ:Les modèles d’affectation utilisés pour la modélisation des transports collectifs permettent de déterminer le choix de trajets par les usagers en fonction de certains paramètres, tels que le temps de parcours, le nombre de correspondances, le temps d’attente et le temps d’accès. Cependant, ces modèles négligent certains paramètres, tels que la charge à bord et l’augmentation du temps de parcours par le nombre d’embarquements et de débarquements. Dans un réseau de transport collectif où la charge à bord devient élevée au point d’atteindre le point de saturation, il devient nécessaire de trouver des solutions afin de répondre convenablement aux besoins des usagers et leur offrir des options leur permettant d’accomplir leur déplacement tout en évitant une ligne chargée. Par exemple, il pourrait être pertinent d’offrir aux usagers une ligne de bus parallèle à une ligne de métro pour libérer de l’espace sur la ligne de métro. En revanche, le bus est contraint aux aléas de la circulation routière par rapport au métro, faisant qu’il peut être un choix moins attrayant pour un usager. Ainsi, il est intéressant de connaître les paramètres qui ont une influence sur le choix d’itinéraire d’un usager, dont la charge et le mode.» et «---------- ABSTRACT:The assignment models used for public transit modelling can be used to determine the route choice based on certain parameters, such as travel time, number of transfers, waiting time and access time. However, these models overlook certain parameters, such as the number of people on-board and the increase in travel time due to boarding and alighting. In a public transport network where the load approaches the point of saturation, it becomes necessary to find solutions to adequately meet the needs of users and offer them options allowing them to complete their journey while avoiding a busy line. For example, it may be appropriate to offer users a bus line parallel to a metro line to free up space on the metro line. On the other hand, the bus is constrained to road traffic compared to the metro, making it a less attractive choice for a user. Thus, it is interesting to know the parameters that influence the choice of route of a user, including the load and mode.

Development of a Dynamical Egress Behavioural Model under Building Fire Emergency

Building fire accidents, as a continuing menace to the society, not only incur enormous property damage but also pose significant threats to human lives. More recently, driven by the rapid population growth, an increasing number of large-capacity buildings are being built to meet the growing residence demands in many major cities globally, such as Sydney, Hong Kong, London, etc. These modern buildings usually have complex architectural layouts, high-density occupancy settings, which are often filled with a variety of flammable materials and items (i.e., electrical devices, flammable cladding panels etc.). For such reasons, in case of fire accidents, occupants of these buildings are likely to suffer from an extended evacuation time. Moreover, in some extreme cases, occupants may have to escape through a smoke-filled environment. Thus, having well-planned evacuation strategies and fire safety systems in place is critical for upholding life safety. Over the last few decades, due to the rapid development in computing power and modelling techniques, various numerical simulation models have been developed and applied to investigate the building evacuation dynamics under fire emergencies. Most of these numerical models can provide a series of estimations regarding building evacuation performance, such as predicting building evacuation time, visualising evacuation dynamics, identifying high-density areas within the building etc. Nevertheless, the behavioural variations of evacuees are usually overlooked in a significant proportion of such simulations. Noticeably, evacuees frequently adjust their egress behaviours based on their internal psychological state (i.e., the variation of stress) and external stimulus from their surrounding environments (i.e., dynamical fire effluents, such as high-temperature smoke). Evidence suggests that evacuees are likely to shift from a low-stress state to a high-stress state and increase their moving speed when escaping from a high-temperature and smoke-filled environment. Besides, competitive behaviours can even be triggered under certain extremely stressful conditions, which can cause clogging at exits or even stampede accidents. Without considering such behavioural aspects of evacuees, the predicted evacuation performance might be misinterpreted based on unreliable results; thereby, misleading building fire safety designs and emergency precautions. Therefore, to achieve a more realistic simulation of building fire evacuation processes, this research aims to advance in modelling of human dynamical behaviour responses of each evacuee and integrating it into building fire evacuation analysis. A dynamical egress behaviour-based evacuation model that considering the evacuee’s competitive/cooperative egress movements and their psychological stress variation is developed. Furthermore, a fire hazard-integrated evacuation simulation framework is established by coupling with the fire dynamics simulator (i.e., FDS). By means of tracking dynamical interactions between evacuees and the evolutionary fire dynamics within the building space, evacuees’ local fire risks and stress levels under the impacts of locally encountered fire hazards (i.e., radiation, temperature, toxic gas, and visibility) can be effectively quantified. In this study, the developed simulation tool can provide a further in-depth building fire safety assessment. Thus, it contributes to performance-based fire safety engineering in designs and real applications, including reducing budgets and risks of participating in evacuation drills, supporting emergency evacuation strategy planning, mitigating fire risks by identifying risk-prone areas associated with building fire circumstances (e.g., putting preventative measures in place beforehand to intervene or mitigate safety risks, such as mass panic, stampede, stress evoked behaviours)

MAMbO5: A new Ontology Approach for Modelling and Managing Intelligent Virtual Environments Based on Multi-Agent Systems

[EN] An intelligent virtual environment simulates a physical world inhabited by autonomous intelligent entities. Multi-agent systems have been usually employed to design systems of this kind. One of the key aspects in the design of intelligent virtual environments is the use of appropriate ontologies which offer a richer and more expressive representation of knowledge. In this sense, this paper proposes an ontology comprising concepts for modelling intelligent virtual environments enhanced with concepts for describing agent-based organisational features. This new ontology, called MAMbO5, is used as an input of the JaCalIVE framework, which is a toolkit for the design and implementation of agent-based intelligent virtual environments.This work was supported by the project TIN2015-65515-C4-1-R of the Spanish government. This work has been supported in part by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project number 8537.Duric, BO.; Rincon, JA.; Carrascosa Casamayor, C.; Schatten, M.; Julian Inglada, VJ. (2019). MAMbO5: A new Ontology Approach for Modelling and Managing Intelligent Virtual Environments Based on Multi-Agent Systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. 10(9):3629-3641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-1089-4S36293641109Ahmed Abbas H (2015) Organization of multi-agent systems: an overview. Int J Intell Inf Syst 4(3):46 (ISSN: 2328-7675)Amiribesheli M, Bouchachia H (2017) A tailored smart home for dementia care. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 1:1–28 (ISSN: 1868-5137, 1868-5145)Amiribesheli M, Benmansour A, Bouchachia A (2015) A review of smart homes in healthcare. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 6(4):495–517 (ISSN: 18685145) arXiv: TSMCC.2012.2189204 [10.1109]Barella A, Ricci A, Boissier O, Carrascosa C (2012) MAM5: multi-agent model for intelligent virtual environments. 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