Die Adoption des Electronic Commerce im deutschen Einzelhandel

Electronic Commerce , Einzelhande

Technology Adoption by Groups: A Valence Perspective

While past research has contributed to an understanding of how organizations or individuals adopt technologies, little is known about how such adoption occurs in groups. Given the widespread acknowledgment that organizations are moving to group-based structures and that groups often utilize technologies for performing their tasks, it is critical that we understand how such collective social entities adopt technologies. Such an understanding can better guide investment and implementation decisions. In this paper, we draw on existing literature about groups, technology characteristics, and valence to conceptualize a model of technology adoption by groups (referred to as the TAG model). We view the TAG phenomenon as a process of communication and negotiation in which analytically distinct factors-such as the individual members\u27 a priori attitudes toward the technology, the majority subgroup\u27s opinion, high-status members\u27 opinions, substantive conflict, and relevant characteristics of the technology play an important role. We develop several theoretical propositions regarding the nature of the contribution of these factors toward an adoption decision and discuss measurement tradeoffs and guidelines

Information and communication technology adoption among small and medium enterprises in the northern region of Malaysia

Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) still have not fully utilized the information and communications technology (ICT) tools to their fullest potential. Hence, there is a need to determine the factors that contribute to ICT adoption among SMEs. This study was undertaken to examine the variables that contribute to the ICT adoption among the SMEs in Malaysia by examining the relationships between relative advantage, security, compatibility, complexity, cost and environmental pressure (normative, mimetic and coercive) and JCT adoption. Additionally, government support was examined as a moderator. The triangulation theory approach, which integrates technology-organization­ environment, diffusion of innovation and the institutional theory was used to explain the relationships between the variables. A total of 183 owners-managers of SMEs, representing a response rate of 47.6 percent, participated in this study. The data was collected via self­ administered questionnaires, and PLS-SEM was used to analyze them and test the hypotheses. Statistical results indicated that relative advantage and security are positively related while complexity is negatively related to ICT adoption. Conversely, compatibility, cost and environmental pressure (normative, mimetic and coercive) are not related to ICT adoption. Moreover, the moderating test result reveals that government support only moderates the relationship between security, compatibility, complexity and cost, and ICT adoption. Conversely, no empirical support is found for the moderating effect of government support on the relationship between relative advantage and environmental pressure, and ICT adoption. The major theoretical contribution of this research is that it examines environmental pressure as a multidimensional independent variable. Besides that, the study also examines the role of government support as a moderating variable. This study also provides some suggestions to SMEs, policy-makers, ICT support system developers and vendors on ways to improve existing plan and policies for encouraging ICT adoption among SMEs. Finally, recommendations for future research are discussed

Modeling and Analysis of Complex Technology Adoption Decisions: An Investigation in the Domain of Mobile ICT

Mobile information and communication technologies (ICT) promise to significantly transform enterprises, their business processes and services, improve employee productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency, and create new competitive advantages and business agility. Despite the plethora of potential benefits, however, widespread enterprise adoption of mobile ICT has not been as extensive as initially anticipated. Drawing on the extant information systems, technology management, and organizational innovation literature, this dissertation investigates the salient drivers and inhibitors of emerging ICT adoption, in general, and mobile ICT in particular, and develops an integrative ICT adoption decision framework. From this synthesis we identify four broad elements that influence an enterprise s decision to adopt mobile ICT: (1) business value, (2) costs and economics, (3) strategic alignment, and (4) enterprise readiness. The latter decision element has received only little theoretical and practical attention. In order to fill this gap, this dissertation explored the concept of enterprise readiness in further detail and identified eight key dimensions and their associated assessment indicators. Using a two-stage expert study and experimental design approach, we empirically validated these dimensions and determined their relative importance. Results indicated that leadership readiness followed by technology, data and information, and resource readiness, contributed the most to enterprise readiness for mobile ICT. The results are implemented into a web-based readiness diagnostic tool (RDT) that enables decision makers to assess an enterprise s readiness for mobile ICT. The benefits of the RDT are multifold: first, it navigates the decision maker through the complex readiness assessment space; second, it identifies potential organizational deficiencies and provides a means to assess potential sources of risks associated with the adoption and implementation of mobile ICT; and third, it enables decision makers to benchmark their level of readiness against other organizations. The dissertation concludes by highlighting both theoretical and practical implications for emerging and mobile ICT adoption management and suggesting directions for future research.Ph.D.Committee Chair: Rouse, William; Committee Member: Cross, Steve; Committee Member: Cummins, Michael; Committee Member: DeMillo, Richard; Committee Member: Vengazhiyil, Rosha

Adoption process of information technology (IT) innovations in organizations

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Several models have been developed for understanding and predicting innovation adoption in organizations and literature has identified several factors that impact the adoption and implementation of Information Technology (IT). This research examines the process of adoption of IT innovations in organizations. The study explores the processes involved in the adoption of IT and verifies the key factors that influence IT innovation adoption in organizations. Using a systematic literature review, the study developed a conceptual model of IT innovation adoption in organizations. The model is a theoretical combination of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and a framework which contains characteristics of innovation, organization, environment, chief executive officer (CEO) and user acceptance. The model represents IT innovation adoption as a stage-based process, progressing from initiation to adoption-decision to implementation. The study aggregated findings of past research on IT adoption to identify key factors that influences IT adoption in organizations. The study performed a meta-analysis of innovation, organization, environment, CEOs and user acceptance determinants to assess the magnitude and the strength of these factors on IT innovation adoption. Results confirmed that relative advantage, compatibility, cost, observability and trialability are strong determinants of IT innovation adoption. In terms of organizational context, IS department size, top management support, organizational size, IT expertise, product champion, IS infrastructure, information intensity, resources and specialization was found influential in the adoption of IT. As for environmental characteristics, the meta-analysis verified the significance of external pressure, government support and competitive pressure. Meta-analysis results verified that CEO‟s innovativeness, attitude and IT knowledge as key determinants. The findings confirmed the importance of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm and facilitating conditions for the user acceptance of IT in organizations

The diffusion of web-based shopping systems: A comparative analysis of the key impact factors in the UK and Korea.

As a major driving force of the global digital economy, Web-Based Shopping Systems (WBSS) are diffusing very rapidly across national boundaries. Though the diffusion of WBSS is recognized as one of the most important issues of electronic commerce, the research on WBSS is just beginning. There is little comprehensive research and only a few examples of empirical research on the topic. This research attempts to examine the phenomenon of WBSS diffusion in different national contexts, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In particular, this dissertation attempts to answer the following questions: What are WBSS. Are WBSS an enabler of new business. What kinds of factors affect the diffusion of WBSS. Are there any distinguishing characteristics of WBSS diffusion in different national contexts. How do organisations tend to enable WBSS diffusion. What kinds of driving forces influence the shaping process of WBSS. In order to answer these questions, this research introduces several research models: a classification model of WBSS, a research model of WBSS diffusion, and a comparison model of key impact factors. On the basis of these models, this dissertation examines and attempts to explain the phenomenon of WBSS diffusion. It does so by relating survey research and interviews in two particular national contexts: the UK and Korea. The findings arising from the quantitative and qualitative data collected are applied to provide guidance as to the further diffusion of WBSS in both countries. Some of the major findings of the dissertation are: o At the macro level, a systemic view of WBSS diffusion is provided by analyzing the characteristics off our types of WBSS. Major characteristics of WBSS associated with each of these types of WBSS - their strengths, critical success factors and suitable strategic options - have also been identified. On the basis of this background knowledge of WBSS, a research model of WBSS diffusion was derived. o At the micro level arising from empirical investigations, key impact factors influencing the diffusion of WBSS in the UK and Korean contexts have been identified. Following cross-national analysis, the diffusion of WBSS was observed as a series of shaping processes being influenced by different cultural issues and similar ICT-related factors in global Web-based shopping circumstances. o The implications emerging from the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews from both countries are: -Theoretical implications were highlighted by comparing the WBSS diffusion model with previous ICT diffusion studies. It was observed that WBSS diffusion in both the UK and Korea is a dynamic, complex, and interactive shaping process being influenced by internal organisation and internal system factors, as well as external market and external technical factors. -Practical implications for further WBSS diffusion in both countries have been suggested in the interests of both promoting e-commerce, and establishing a solid base for the digital economy. Overall, this dissertation has attempted to provide a theoretical foundation for further research relevant to WBSS, electronic commerce and ICT diffusion in different national contexts. It is hoped that this research will serve as a catalyst for triggering new research agendas on e-commerce and ICT innovation diffusion, paving the way for other researchers who wish to build on the research findings of this dissertation