A frame reduction system based on a color structural similarity (CSS) method and Bayer images analysis for capsule endoscopy

A capsule endoscopy examination of the human small bowel generates a large number of images that have high similarity. In order to reduce the time it takes to review the high similarity images, clinicians will increase the playback speed, typically to 15 frames per second [1]. Associated with this behaviour is an increased probability of overlooking an image that may contain an abnormality. An alternative option to increasing the playback speed is the application of abnormality detection systems to detect abnormalities such as ulcers, tumors, polyps and bleeding. However, applying all of these detection systems requires significant computing time and still produces numerous images with high similarity depending on the specificity of the utilized detection systems. An interesting approach to reduce viewing time is the application of a frame reduction system that reduces the number of images by omitting those with a high similarity of information. The advantage of such a system is that the specialist only needs to review a single image that technically represents a series of images with high similarity. This reduces the total number of images that a specialist must review and importantly, images containing any abnormality are not removed from the review, but simply reduced in number. Thus, the current study developed a frame reduction system using various color models using Bayer images for color texture and a modified local binary pattern (LBP) for structural information. The proposed system achieved a reduction ratio of 93.87%, which is higher than the existing systems and required lesser computation due to the utilization of Bayer images

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin of the School of Medicine, Fall 2004- Summer 2005

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.39 (Fall 2004-Summer 2005). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965). Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/yale_med_alumni_newsletters/1020/thumbnail.jp

Impact of geogenic degassing on C-isotopic composition of dissolved carbon in karst systems of Greece

The Earth C-cycle is complex, where endogenic and exogenic sources are interconnected, operating in a multiple spatial and temporal scale (Lee et al., 2019). Non-volcanic CO2 degassing from active tectonic structures is one of the less defined components of this cycle (Frondini et al., 2019). Carbon mass-balance (Chiodini et al., 2000) is a useful tool to quantify the geogenic carbon output from regional karst hydrosystems. This approach has been demonstrated for central Italy and may be valid also for Greece, due to the similar geodynamic settings. Deep degassing in Greece has been ascertained mainly at hydrothermal and volcanic areas, but the impact of geogenic CO2 released by active tectonic areas has not yet been quantified. The main aim of this research is to investigate the possible deep degassing through the big karst aquifers of Greece. Since 2016, 156 karst springs were sampled along most of the Greek territory. To discriminate the sources of carbon, the analysis of the isotopic composition of carbon was carried out. δ13CTDIC values vary from -16.61 to -0.91‰ and can be subdivided into two groups characterized by (a) low δ13CTDIC, and (b) intermediate to high δ13CTDIC with a threshold value of -6.55‰. The composition of the first group can be related to the mixing of organic-derived CO2 and the dissolution of marine carbonates. Springs of the second group, mostly located close to Quaternary volcanic areas, are linked to possible carbon input from deep sources