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Multimedia delivery in the future internet
The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio
and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks,
like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white
paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked
challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet.
Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted
with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning
media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace
of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more
than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so
regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected
to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising
to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged
that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new)
multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized
way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety.
In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe
network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as
community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of
interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and
innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/
media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content
combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P
networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to
contribute towards such a vision.
Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6)
and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily
contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way
ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms
Cooperative control of relay based cellular networks
PhDThe increasing popularity of wireless communications and the higher data
requirements of new types of service lead to higher demands on wireless networks.
Relay based cellular networks have been seen as an effective way to meet users’
increased data rate requirements while still retaining the benefits of a cellular
structure. However, maximizing the probability of providing service and spectrum
efficiency are still major challenges for network operators and engineers because of
the heterogeneous traffic demands, hard-to-predict user movements and complex
traffic models.
In a mobile network, load balancing is recognised as an efficient way to increase
the utilization of limited frequency spectrum at reasonable costs. Cooperative
control based on geographic load balancing is employed to provide flexibility for
relay based cellular networks and to respond to changes in the environment.
According to the potential capability of existing antenna systems, adaptive radio
frequency domain control in the physical layer is explored to provide coverage at
the right place at the right time.
This thesis proposes several effective and efficient approaches to improve
spectrum efficiency using network wide optimization to coordinate the coverage
offered by different network components according to the antenna models and
relay station capability. The approaches include tilting of antenna sectors,
changing the power of omni-directional antennas, and changing the assignment of
relay stations to different base stations. Experiments show that the proposed
approaches offer significant improvements and robustness in heterogeneous traffic
scenarios and when the propagation environment changes. The issue of predicting
the consequence of cooperative decisions regarding antenna configurations when
applied in a realistic environment is described, and a coverage prediction model is
proposed. The consequences of applying changes to the antenna configuration on
handovers are analysed in detail. The performance evaluations are based on a
system level simulator in the context of Mobile WiMAX technology, but the
concepts apply more generally
Software-defined Networking enabled Resource Management and Security Provisioning in 5G Heterogeneous Networks
Due to the explosive growth of mobile data traffic and the shortage of spectral resources, 5G networks are envisioned to have a densified heterogeneous network (HetNet) architecture, combining multiple radio access technologies (multi-RATs) into a single holistic network. The co-existing of multi-tier architectures bring new challenges, especially on resource management and security provisioning, due to the lack of common interface and consistent policy across HetNets. In this thesis, we aim to address the technical challenges of data traffic management, coordinated spectrum sharing and security provisioning in 5G HetNets through the introduction of a programmable management platform based on Software-defined networking (SDN).
To address the spectrum shortage problem in cellular networks, cellular data traffic is efficiently offloaded to the Wi-Fi network, and the quality of service of user applications is guaranteed with the proposed delay tolerance based partial data offloading algorithm. A two-layered information collection is also applied to best load balancing decision-making. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes exploit an SDN controller\u27s global view of the HetNets and take optimized resource allocation decisions. To support growing vehicle-generated data traffic in 5G-vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET), SDN-enabled adaptive vehicle clustering algorithm is proposed based on the real-time road traffic condition collected from HetNet infrastructure. Traffic offloading is achieved within each cluster and dynamic beamformed transmission is also applied to improve trunk link communication quality.
To further achieve a coordinated spectrum sharing across HetNets, an SDN enabled orchestrated spectrum sharing scheme that integrates participating HetNets into an amalgamated network through a common configuration interface and real-time information exchange is proposed. In order to effectively protect incumbent users, a real-time 3D interference map is developed to guide the spectrum access based on the SDN global view. MATLAB simulations confirm that average interference at incumbents is reduced as well as the average number of denied access.
Moreover, to tackle the contradiction between more stringent latency requirement of 5G and the potential delay induced by frequent authentications in 5G small cells and HetNets, an SDN-enabled fast authentication scheme is proposed in this thesis to simplify authentication handover, through sharing of user-dependent secure context information (SCI) among related access points. The proposed SCI is a weighted combination of user-specific attributes, which provides unique fingerprint of the specific device without additional hardware and computation cost. Numerical results show that the proposed non-cryptographic authentication scheme achieves comparable security with traditional cryptographic algorithms, while reduces authentication complexity and latency especially when network load is high
Addressing the Challenges in Federating Edge Resources
This book chapter considers how Edge deployments can be brought to bear in a
global context by federating them across multiple geographic regions to create
a global Edge-based fabric that decentralizes data center computation. This is
currently impractical, not only because of technical challenges, but is also
shrouded by social, legal and geopolitical issues. In this chapter, we discuss
two key challenges - networking and management in federating Edge deployments.
Additionally, we consider resource and modeling challenges that will need to be
addressed for a federated Edge.Comment: Book Chapter accepted to the Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and
Paradigms; Editors Buyya, Sriram
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