343 research outputs found
Cluster Synchronization of Kuramoto Oscillators and Brain Functional Connectivity
The recent progress of functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques has
unveiled that human brains exhibit clustered correlation patterns of their
spontaneous activities. It is important to understand the mechanism of cluster
synchronization phenomena since it may reflect the underlying brain functions
and brain diseases. In this paper, we investigate cluster synchronization
conditions for networks of Kuramoto oscillators. The key analytical tool that
we use is the method of averaging, and we provide a unified framework of
stability analysis for cluster synchronization. The main results show that
cluster synchronization is achieved if (i) the inter-cluster coupling strengths
are sufficiently weak and/or (ii) the natural frequencies are largely different
among clusters. Moreover, we apply our theoretical findings to empirical brain
networks. Discussions on how to understand brain functional connectivity and
further directions to investigate neuroscientific questions are provided
Critical Coupling and Synchronized Clusters in Arbitrary Networks of Kuramoto Oscillators
abstract: The Kuramoto model is an archetypal model for studying synchronization in groups
of nonidentical oscillators where oscillators are imbued with their own frequency and
coupled with other oscillators though a network of interactions. As the coupling
strength increases, there is a bifurcation to complete synchronization where all oscillators
move with the same frequency and show a collective rhythm. Kuramoto-like
dynamics are considered a relevant model for instabilities of the AC-power grid which
operates in synchrony under standard conditions but exhibits, in a state of failure,
segmentation of the grid into desynchronized clusters.
In this dissertation the minimum coupling strength required to ensure total frequency
synchronization in a Kuramoto system, called the critical coupling, is investigated.
For coupling strength below the critical coupling, clusters of oscillators form
where oscillators within a cluster are on average oscillating with the same long-term
frequency. A unified order parameter based approach is developed to create approximations
of the critical coupling. Some of the new approximations provide strict lower
bounds for the critical coupling. In addition, these approximations allow for predictions
of the partially synchronized clusters that emerge in the bifurcation from the
synchronized state.
Merging the order parameter approach with graph theoretical concepts leads to a
characterization of this bifurcation as a weighted graph partitioning problem on an
arbitrary networks which then leads to an optimization problem that can efficiently
estimate the partially synchronized clusters. Numerical experiments on random Kuramoto
systems show the high accuracy of these methods. An interpretation of the
methods in the context of power systems is provided.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 201
Reduction of Second-Order Network Systems with Structure Preservation
This paper proposes a general framework for structure-preserving model
reduction of a secondorder network system based on graph clustering. In this
approach, vertex dynamics are captured by the transfer functions from inputs to
individual states, and the dissimilarities of vertices are quantified by the
H2-norms of the transfer function discrepancies. A greedy hierarchical
clustering algorithm is proposed to place those vertices with similar dynamics
into same clusters. Then, the reduced-order model is generated by the
Petrov-Galerkin method, where the projection is formed by the characteristic
matrix of the resulting network clustering. It is shown that the simplified
system preserves an interconnection structure, i.e., it can be again
interpreted as a second-order system evolving over a reduced graph.
Furthermore, this paper generalizes the definition of network controllability
Gramian to second-order network systems. Based on it, we develop an efficient
method to compute H2-norms and derive the approximation error between the
full-order and reduced-order models. Finally, the approach is illustrated by
the example of a small-world network
Hierarchical community structure in networks
Modular and hierarchical structures are pervasive in real-world complex
systems. A great deal of effort has gone into trying to detect and study these
structures. Important theoretical advances in the detection of modular, or
"community", structures have included identifying fundamental limits of
detectability by formally defining community structure using probabilistic
generative models. Detecting hierarchical community structure introduces
additional challenges alongside those inherited from community detection. Here
we present a theoretical study on hierarchical community structure in networks,
which has thus far not received the same rigorous attention. We address the
following questions: 1)~How should we define a valid hierarchy of communities?
2)~How should we determine if a hierarchical structure exists in a network? and
3)~how can we detect hierarchical structure efficiently? We approach these
questions by introducing a definition of hierarchy based on the concept of
stochastic externally equitable partitions and their relation to probabilistic
models, such as the popular stochastic block model. We enumerate the challenges
involved in detecting hierarchies and, by studying the spectral properties of
hierarchical structure, present an efficient and principled method for
detecting them.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure
Node dynamics on graphs: dynamical heterogeneity in consensus, synchronisation and final value approximation for complex networks
Here we consider a range of Laplacian-based dynamics on graphs such as dynamical invariance and coarse-graining, and node-specific properties such as convergence, observability and
consensus-value prediction. Firstly, using the intrinsic relationship between the external equitable partition (EEP) and the spectral properties of the graph Laplacian, we characterise convergence
and observability properties of consensus dynamics on networks. In particular, we
establish the relationship between the original consensus dynamics and the associated consensus
of the quotient graph under varied initial conditions. We show that the EEP with respect
to a node can reveal nodes in the graph with increased rate of asymptotic convergence to the consensus value as characterised by the second smallest eigenvalue of the quotient Laplacian.
Secondly, we extend this characterisation of the relationship between the EEP and Laplacian based dynamics to study the synchronisation of coupled oscillator dynamics on networks. We
show that the existence of a non-trivial EEP describes partial synchronisation dynamics for nodes within cells of the partition. Considering linearised stability analysis, the existence of a nontrivial EEP with respect to an individual node can imply an increased rate of asymptotic convergence
to the synchronisation manifold, or a decreased rate of de-synchronisation, analogous to the linear consensus case. We show that high degree 'hub' nodes in large complex networks such as Erdős-Rényi, scale free and entangled graphs are more likely to exhibit such dynamical
heterogeneity under both linear consensus and non-linear coupled oscillator dynamics.
Finally, we consider a separate but related problem concerning the ability of a node to compute the final value for discrete consensus dynamics given only a finite number of its own state values.
We develop an algorithm to compute an approximation to the consensus value by individual nodes that is ϵ close to the true consensus value, and show that in most cases this is possible for substantially less steps than required for true convergence of the system dynamics. Again considering a variety of complex networks we show that, on average, high degree nodes, and
nodes belonging to graphs with fast asymptotic convergence, approximate the consensus value employing fewer steps.Open Acces
Data-driven Selection of Coarse-Grained Models of Coupled Oscillators
Systematic discovery of reduced-order closure models for multi-scale
processes remains an important open problem in complex dynamical systems. Even
when an effective lower-dimensional representation exists, reduced models are
difficult to obtain using solely analytical methods. Rigorous methodologies for
finding such coarse-grained representations of multi-scale phenomena would
enable accelerated computational simulations and provide fundamental insights
into the complex dynamics of interest. We focus on a heterogeneous population
of oscillators of Kuramoto type as a canonical model of complex dynamics, and
develop a data-driven approach for inferring its coarse-grained description.
Our method is based on a numerical optimization of the coefficients in a
general equation of motion informed by analytical derivations in the
thermodynamic limit. We show that certain assumptions are required to obtain an
autonomous coarse-grained equation of motion. However, optimizing coefficient
values enables coarse-grained models with conceptually disparate functional
forms, yet comparable quality of representation, to provide accurate
reduced-order descriptions of the underlying system.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
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