69,648 research outputs found
Learning sound representations using trainable COPE feature extractors
Sound analysis research has mainly been focused on speech and music
processing. The deployed methodologies are not suitable for analysis of sounds
with varying background noise, in many cases with very low signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR). In this paper, we present a method for the detection of patterns
of interest in audio signals. We propose novel trainable feature extractors,
which we call COPE (Combination of Peaks of Energy). The structure of a COPE
feature extractor is determined using a single prototype sound pattern in an
automatic configuration process, which is a type of representation learning. We
construct a set of COPE feature extractors, configured on a number of training
patterns. Then we take their responses to build feature vectors that we use in
combination with a classifier to detect and classify patterns of interest in
audio signals. We carried out experiments on four public data sets: MIVIA audio
events, MIVIA road events, ESC-10 and TU Dortmund data sets. The results that
we achieved (recognition rate equal to 91.71% on the MIVIA audio events, 94% on
the MIVIA road events, 81.25% on the ESC-10 and 94.27% on the TU Dortmund)
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and are higher than the
ones obtained by other existing approaches. The COPE feature extractors have
high robustness to variations of SNR. Real-time performance is achieved even
when the value of a large number of features is computed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Pattern Recognitio
Deep Learning for Audio Signal Processing
Given the recent surge in developments of deep learning, this article
provides a review of the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques for audio
signal processing. Speech, music, and environmental sound processing are
considered side-by-side, in order to point out similarities and differences
between the domains, highlighting general methods, problems, key references,
and potential for cross-fertilization between areas. The dominant feature
representations (in particular, log-mel spectra and raw waveform) and deep
learning models are reviewed, including convolutional neural networks, variants
of the long short-term memory architecture, as well as more audio-specific
neural network models. Subsequently, prominent deep learning application areas
are covered, i.e. audio recognition (automatic speech recognition, music
information retrieval, environmental sound detection, localization and
tracking) and synthesis and transformation (source separation, audio
enhancement, generative models for speech, sound, and music synthesis).
Finally, key issues and future questions regarding deep learning applied to
audio signal processing are identified.Comment: 15 pages, 2 pdf figure
Knowledge Transfer from Weakly Labeled Audio using Convolutional Neural Network for Sound Events and Scenes
In this work we propose approaches to effectively transfer knowledge from
weakly labeled web audio data. We first describe a convolutional neural network
(CNN) based framework for sound event detection and classification using weakly
labeled audio data. Our model trains efficiently from audios of variable
lengths; hence, it is well suited for transfer learning. We then propose
methods to learn representations using this model which can be effectively used
for solving the target task. We study both transductive and inductive transfer
learning tasks, showing the effectiveness of our methods for both domain and
task adaptation. We show that the learned representations using the proposed
CNN model generalizes well enough to reach human level accuracy on ESC-50 sound
events dataset and set state of art results on this dataset. We further use
them for acoustic scene classification task and once again show that our
proposed approaches suit well for this task as well. We also show that our
methods are helpful in capturing semantic meanings and relations as well.
Moreover, in this process we also set state-of-art results on Audioset dataset,
relying on balanced training set.Comment: ICASSP 201
Robust sound event detection in bioacoustic sensor networks
Bioacoustic sensors, sometimes known as autonomous recording units (ARUs),
can record sounds of wildlife over long periods of time in scalable and
minimally invasive ways. Deriving per-species abundance estimates from these
sensors requires detection, classification, and quantification of animal
vocalizations as individual acoustic events. Yet, variability in ambient noise,
both over time and across sensors, hinders the reliability of current automated
systems for sound event detection (SED), such as convolutional neural networks
(CNN) in the time-frequency domain. In this article, we develop, benchmark, and
combine several machine listening techniques to improve the generalizability of
SED models across heterogeneous acoustic environments. As a case study, we
consider the problem of detecting avian flight calls from a ten-hour recording
of nocturnal bird migration, recorded by a network of six ARUs in the presence
of heterogeneous background noise. Starting from a CNN yielding
state-of-the-art accuracy on this task, we introduce two noise adaptation
techniques, respectively integrating short-term (60 milliseconds) and long-term
(30 minutes) context. First, we apply per-channel energy normalization (PCEN)
in the time-frequency domain, which applies short-term automatic gain control
to every subband in the mel-frequency spectrogram. Secondly, we replace the
last dense layer in the network by a context-adaptive neural network (CA-NN)
layer. Combining them yields state-of-the-art results that are unmatched by
artificial data augmentation alone. We release a pre-trained version of our
best performing system under the name of BirdVoxDetect, a ready-to-use detector
of avian flight calls in field recordings.Comment: 32 pages, in English. Submitted to PLOS ONE journal in February 2019;
revised August 2019; published October 201
Environmental Sound Classification with Parallel Temporal-spectral Attention
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are one of the best-performing neural
network architectures for environmental sound classification (ESC). Recently,
temporal attention mechanisms have been used in CNN to capture the useful
information from the relevant time frames for audio classification, especially
for weakly labelled data where the onset and offset times of the sound events
are not applied. In these methods, however, the inherent spectral
characteristics and variations are not explicitly exploited when obtaining the
deep features. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel temporal-spectral
attention mechanism for CNN to learn discriminative sound representations,
which enhances the temporal and spectral features by capturing the importance
of different time frames and frequency bands. Parallel branches are constructed
to allow temporal attention and spectral attention to be applied respectively
in order to mitigate interference from the segments without the presence of
sound events. The experiments on three environmental sound classification (ESC)
datasets and two acoustic scene classification (ASC) datasets show that our
method improves the classification performance and also exhibits robustness to
noise.Comment: submitted to INTERSPEECH202
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