Attempting return: Iraqis' re-migration from Iraq

The voluntary repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons is interpreted as evidence of restored security and political stability, improved civil-state relations and public confidence in reconstruction efforts in war-torn countries. Iraqi refugees' decision to return is less driven by improvements in Iraq than by their desire to rebuild their lives back home and to overcome the difficult legal and socio-economic conditions in neighbouring countries. The article explores Iraqi returnees' experiences based on accounts of their repatriation and subsequent re-migration to Syria and Jordan. The micro and macro transformations occurring in post-Saddam Iraq have a strong bearing on refugees' return and reintegration in their home communities. In the absence of permanent solutions to protracted displacement, the Iraqis resort to transnational mobility and networks as alternative livelihood strategies and participate in the socio-economic developments in home and host countries through the constant multi-directional flow of economic, social and human capita

Efficient algorithm for mobile multicast using anycast group

The authors present a novel and efficient multicast algorithm that aims to reduce delay and communication cost for the registration between mobile nodes and mobility agents and solicitation for foreign agent services based on the mobile IP. The protocol applies anycast group technology to support multicast transmissions for both mobile nodes and home/foreign agents. Mobile hosts use anycast tunnelling to connect to the nearest available home/foreign agent where an agent is able to forward the multicast messages by selecting an anycast route to a multicast router so as to reduce the end-to-end delay. The performance analysis and experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is able to enhance the performance over existing remote subscription and bidirectional tunnelling approaches regardless of the locations of mobile nodes/hosts<br /

Faculty Research in Progress, 2018-2019

The production of scholarly research continues to be one of the primary missions of the ILR School. During a typical academic year, ILR faculty members published or had accepted for publication over 25 books, edited volumes, and monographs, 170 articles and chapters in edited volumes, numerous book reviews. In addition, a large number of manuscripts were submitted for publication, presented at professional association meetings, or circulated in working paper form. Our faculty\u27s research continues to find its way into the very best industrial relations, social science and statistics journal

The Evolution of Wealth Distribution in a Model of Educational Investment with Heterogenous Agents

The implications of individual heterogeneity for the evolution of wealth distribution are studied in a standard model of occupational choice with financial market imperfections and local non convexities in education investment technology. We consider heterogeneity in the cost of educational investment, interpreted as genetic variation at the level of lineage. Ergodicity of the wealth distribution is obtained whenever the (exogenous)distribution of education costs entails the presence of ability types for which the educational investment is inefficient vis a vis financial investment, regardless of how ”large” the support is. Conversely, poverty traps can emerge only if investment is efficient for every single agent in the economy. We show that under quite general conditions, the accumulation of wealth at the lineage level does not eliminate financial market imperfections over the long run, motivating our exploration of policy implications. In particular heterogeneity requires more persitent policies to achieve similar results as in the standard case. On the other hand policies can be effective in environments where they would fail under the assumption of homogeneous costs.intergenerational mobility; inequality dynamics; occupational choice; educational investment; borrowing constraints

Financial Integration and Fiscal Policy Efficiency in a Monetary Union.

The gap between the interest rates of different members of the European Monetary Union (EMU) points out to an imperfect degree of financial integration despite the common currency. This paper develops a two-country New Open Economy Macroeconomics (NOEM) model with imperfect financial integration in a monetary union in order to analyze fiscal policy efficiency and the impact of financial integration on the international transmission of fiscal policy shocks. For this, we introduce imperfect financial integration into the fixed exchange rate version of Obstfeld-Rogoff (1995, 1996). We show that a higher degree of financial integration decreases short run consumption and interest rate volatility in both countries while it increases the volatility in the long run following a balanced-budget increase in government spending in one of the countries. In terms of welfare, the degree of financial integration is irrelevant since it has no effect on the utility of the members.New open economy macroeconomics, fiscal policy, financial integration, monetary union.

Return migration as channel of brain gain

Recent theoretical and empirical studies have emphasized the fact that the prospect of international migration increases the expected returns to skills in poor countries, linking the possibility of migrating (brain drain) with incentives to higher education (brain gain). If emigration is uncertain and some of the highly educated remain, such a channel may, at least in part, counterbalance the negative effects of brain drain. Moreover, recent empirical evidence seems to show that temporary migration is widespread among highly skilled migrants (such as Eastern Europeans in Western Europe and Asians in the U.S.). This paper develops a simple tractable overlapping generations model that provides an economic rationale for return migration and which predicts who will migrate and who will return among agents with heterogeneous abilities. We use parameter values from the literature and the data on return migration to calibrate our model and simulate and quantify the effects of increased openness on human capital and wages of the sending countries. We find that, for plausible values of the parameters, the return migration channel is very important and combined with the incentive channel reverses the brain drain into significant brain gain for the sending country

Skilled migration: the perspective of developing countries

The authors focus on the consequences of skilled migration for developing countries. They first present new evidence on the magnitude of migration of skilled workers at the international level and then discuss its direct and indirect effects on human capital formation in developing countries in a unified stylized model. Finally they turn to policy implications, with emphasis on migration and education policy in a context of globalized labor markets.Public Health Promotion,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Human Migrations&Resettlements,Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement,Economic Theory&Research,International Migration,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Human Migrations&Resettlements,Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

Labour Migration and Development: ILO Moving Forward

[Excerpt] This document has been prepared for the Tripartite Technical Meeting on Labour Migration, to be held in Geneva from 4 to 8 November 2013. The goal of the Meeting, as identified by the ILO Governing Body in March 2013, is to enable the Organization “to assess the outcome of the United Nations General Assembly High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development … and consider possible areas for ILO follow-up”. This paper highlights the key challenges and opportunities in this regard, “bearing in mind the changing landscape of international labour migration and its implications for the world of work, and the findings of the assessment of the ILO’s response, including in respect of the Multilateral Framework”. It draws on research carried out within the ILO and elsewhere, and earlier policy guidance provided by the ILO’s tripartite constituency