831 research outputs found
DepAnn - An Annotation Tool for Dependency Treebanks
DepAnn is an interactive annotation tool for dependency treebanks, providing
both graphical and text-based annotation interfaces. The tool is aimed for
semi-automatic creation of treebanks. It aids the manual inspection and
correction of automatically created parses, making the annotation process
faster and less error-prone. A novel feature of the tool is that it enables the
user to view outputs from several parsers as the basis for creating the final
tree to be saved to the treebank. DepAnn uses TIGER-XML, an XML-based general
encoding format for both, representing the parser outputs and saving the
annotated treebank. The tool includes an automatic consistency checker for
sentence structures. In addition, the tool enables users to build structures
manually, add comments on the annotations, modify the tagsets, and mark
sentences for further revision
Exploiting Deep Semantics and Compositionality of Natural Language for Human-Robot-Interaction
We develop a natural language interface for human robot interaction that
implements reasoning about deep semantics in natural language. To realize the
required deep analysis, we employ methods from cognitive linguistics, namely
the modular and compositional framework of Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG)
[Feldman, 2009]. Using ECG, robots are able to solve fine-grained reference
resolution problems and other issues related to deep semantics and
compositionality of natural language. This also includes verbal interaction
with humans to clarify commands and queries that are too ambiguous to be
executed safely. We implement our NLU framework as a ROS package and present
proof-of-concept scenarios with different robots, as well as a survey on the
state of the art
Automatic assessment of text-based responses in post-secondary education: A systematic review
Text-based open-ended questions in academic formative and summative
assessments help students become deep learners and prepare them to understand
concepts for a subsequent conceptual assessment. However, grading text-based
questions, especially in large courses, is tedious and time-consuming for
instructors. Text processing models continue progressing with the rapid
development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and Natural Language
Processing (NLP) algorithms. Especially after breakthroughs in Large Language
Models (LLM), there is immense potential to automate rapid assessment and
feedback of text-based responses in education. This systematic review adopts a
scientific and reproducible literature search strategy based on the PRISMA
process using explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria to study text-based
automatic assessment systems in post-secondary education, screening 838 papers
and synthesizing 93 studies. To understand how text-based automatic assessment
systems have been developed and applied in education in recent years, three
research questions are considered. All included studies are summarized and
categorized according to a proposed comprehensive framework, including the
input and output of the system, research motivation, and research outcomes,
aiming to answer the research questions accordingly. Additionally, the typical
studies of automated assessment systems, research methods, and application
domains in these studies are investigated and summarized. This systematic
review provides an overview of recent educational applications of text-based
assessment systems for understanding the latest AI/NLP developments assisting
in text-based assessments in higher education. Findings will particularly
benefit researchers and educators incorporating LLMs such as ChatGPT into their
educational activities.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, 6 table
A rewriting grammar for heat exchanger network structure evolution with stream splitting
The design of cost optimal heat exchanger networks is a difficult optimisation problem due
both to the nonlinear models required and also the combinatorial size of the search space.
When stream splitting is considered, the combinatorial aspects make the problem even harder.
This paper describes the implementation of a two level evolutionary algorithm based on a
string rewriting grammar for the evolution of the heat exchanger network structure. A biological analogue of genotypes and phenotypes is used to describe structures and specific solutions respectively. The top level algorithm evolves structures while the lower level optimises specific
structures. The result is a hybrid optimisation procedure which can identify the best structures including stream splitting. Case studies from the literature are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the novel procedure
Language for Specific Purposes and Corpus-based Pedagogy
This chapter describes how corpus-based pedagogies are used for teaching and learning language for specific purposes (LSP). Corpus linguistics (CL) refers to the study of large quantities of authentic language using computer-assisted methods, which form the basis for computer-assisted language learning (CALL) that uses corpora for reference, exploration, and interactive learning. The use of corpora as reference resources to create LSP materials is described. Direct student uses of corpora are illustrated by three approaches to data-driven learning (DDL) where students engage in hands-on explorations of texts. A combination of indirect and direct corpus applications is shown in an illustration of interactive CALL technologies, including an example of an inclusive corpus-based tool for genre-based writing pedagogy. The chapter concludes with potential prospects for future developments in LSP
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