3 research outputs found

    Baliabide molekularrak propieta fotoenikoen sintonizaziorako

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    258 p.(eng.) 144 p. (eusk.)La qu铆mica de colorantes est谩 presenciando un renovado reconocimiento como herramienta valiosa para dise帽ar materiales fot贸nicos inteligentes pr谩cticos. Las recientes rutas sint茅ticas en qu铆mica org谩nica han permitido el acceso a nuevas estructuras moleculares, en particular las hechas a la medida. En este contexto, nuestro objetivo en esta tesis es dise帽ar, caracterizar y aplicar una nueva generaci贸n de colorantes org谩nicos como fluor贸foros y fotosensibilizadores con fines fot贸nicos. En lugar de usar diferentes colorantes para cada prop贸sito de aplicaci贸n, la estrategia empleada aqu铆 se bas贸 en el uso de un punto de partida molecular espec铆fico, donde, tras adecuadas modificaciones qu铆micas de su n煤cleo coromof贸rico, la funci贸n fot贸nica pudo ser modulada de una manera controlada dependiendo del campo de aplicaci贸n que se quer铆a perseguir. Es por ello que se eligi贸 el colorante BOro DIPYrrometeno (BODIPY) como patr贸n molecular para hacer frente a diferentes aplicaciones fot贸nicas, incluso cuando a veces implicaban propiedades fotof铆sicas opuestas. Un dise帽o l贸gico de su estructura molecular permite el desarrollo de colorantes capaces de emitir en la regi贸n roja e infrarroja cercana para ser aplicados como l谩seres sintonizables, sensores fluorescentes para la detecci贸n de biomol茅culas, y pruebas fluorescentes para bioimagen, as铆 como fotosensibilizadores no fluorescentes capaces de generar oxigeno singlete para terapia en biomedicina. Su dise帽o se ampli贸 a trav茅s de la combinaci贸n de numerosos colorantes en una 煤nica estructura molecular, donde los nuevos fen贸menos fotof铆sicos como la transferencia de energ铆a y carga, y los acoplamientos excit贸nicos, son impulsados. Estos colorantes multicromof贸ricos complejos y desafiantes presentan un comportamiento excepcional como l谩seres de colorante mejorados, sistemas 贸pticamente activos, captadores de luz y antenas moleculares

    Shifting Gears Towards the Red: Novel Boron-Based Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications

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    Advancements in near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging have enabled greater tissue penetration depths, high spatial resolution, reduced photon scattering, and minimal interference from tissue autofluorescence. Hence, NIR fluorophores exist as viable candidates for biological imaging applications, as well as providing unique insights into complex biological processes to better understand disease etiology. In this work, a series of novel boron-based coumarin and rhodamine-like fluorophores were developed and tested. Initially, modifications to the coumarin scaffold were investigated to develop more red-shifted dyes, whereby incorporation of a p-conjugated bridge was determined to be a critical component. Confocal microscopy studies with A549 lung cancer cells showed clear differences in the intra-cellular distributions of the fluorophores. The lipophilic carborane coumarin derivatives exhibited superior selectively within lipid droplets. In contrast, the polar boronic acid hydrazone-coumarins displayed intracellular localisation within the endoplasmic reticulum. A library of boron-containing rhodamine-like probes were also synthesised. All compounds exhibited near-infrared emission wavelengths with large Stokes shifts. Furthermore, modifications to the terminal boron moiety were not found to impact the overall red-shift of the molecules, although increasing the donor group strength favourably enhanced this shift. The low brightness of some of the probes, related to rhodamine spirocyclisation, meant that conclusive intracellular localisations could not be confirmed. The near-IR emitting nature of the rhodamine-like probes was recognised as a highly advantageous tool for bioimaging applications. Two fluorescent-labelled ligands with varying linker lengths, of the allosteric adamantyl benzamide P2X7R antagonist were prepared, based on the para-MIDA ester rhodamine-like fluorophore. Both probes were utilised in preliminary fluorescence studies, whereby the near-IR emitting nature of the fluorophore was retained despite conjugation to biomolecules. As well, a longer emission wavelength was observed with a shorter linker length. This research ultimately highlights the versatility of boron as a unique element in fluorescence and biological imaging applications

    Sewage sludge heavy metal analysis and agricultural prospects for Fiji

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    Insoluble residues produced in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) as by products are known as sewage sludge (SS). Land application of SS, particularly in agricultural lands, is becoming an alternative disposal method in Fiji. However, currently there is no legislative framework governing its use. SS together with its high nutrient and organic matter contents, constitutes some undesired pollutants such as heavy metals, which may limit its extensive use. The focus of this study therefore was to determine the total concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn in the SS produced at the Kinoya WWTP (Fiji) and in the non-fertile soil amended with the SS at 20, 40, 60, 80% application rates and in the control (100% Soil). The bioavailable heavy metals were also determined as it depicts the true extent of metal contamination. The treatment mixtures were then used to cultivate cabbage plants in which the total heavy metal uptake was investigated. Total Zn (695.6 mg/kg) was present in the highest amounts in the 100% SS (control), followed by Pb (370.9 mg/kg), Mn (35.0 mg/kg), Cu (65.5 mg/kg), Cr (20.5 mg/kg) and finally Cd (13.5 mg/kg) and hence a similar trend was seen in all treatment mixtures. The potential mobility of sludgeborne heavy metals can be classified as Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb. Total metal uptake in plant leaves and stems showed only the bioavailable metals Cu, Cd, Zn and Mn, with maximum uptake occurring in the leaves. Ni, despite being highly mobile was not detected, due to minute concentrations in the SS treatments. Optimum growth occurred in the 20 and 40% SS treatments. However maximum Cu and Mn uptake occurred in the 40% SS treatment thereby making the 20% treatment the most feasible. Furthermore the total and bioavailable metal concentrations observed were within the safe and permitted limits of the EEC and USEPA legislations
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