4 research outputs found
Investigation of dielectric constant variations for Malaysians soil species towards its natural background dose
The correlation of natural background gamma radiation and real part of the complex
relative permittivity (dielectric constant) for various species Malaysian soils was investigated
in this research. The sampling sites were chosen randomly according to soils groups that
consist of sedentary, alluvial and miscellaneous soil which covered the area of Batu Pahat,
Kluang and Johor Bahru, Johor state of Malaysia. There are 11 types of Malaysian soil species
that have been studied; namely Peat, Linau-Sedu, Selangor-Kangkong, Kranji, Telemong�Akob-Local Alluvium, Holyrood-Lunas, Batu Anam-Melaka- Tavy, Harimau Tampoi, Kulai�Yong Peng, Rengam-Jerangau, and Steepland soils. In-situ exposure rates of each soil species
were measured by using portable gamma survey meter and ex-situ analysis of real part of
relative permittivity was performed by using DAK (Dielectric Assessment Kit assist by
network analyser). Results revealed that the highest and the lowest background dose rate were
94 ±26.28 μR hr-1 and 7 ±0.67 μR hr-1 contributed by Rengam Jerangau and Peat soil species
respectively. Meanwhile, dielectric constant measurement, it was performed in the range of
frequency between 100 MHz to 3 GHz. The measurements of each soils species dielectric
constant are in the range of 1 to 3. At the lower frequencies in the range of 100 MHz to 600
MHz, it was observed that the dielectric constant for each soil species fluctuated and
inconsistent. But it remained consistent in plateau form of signal at higher frequency at range
above 600 MHz. From the comparison of dielectric properties of each soil at above 600 MHz
of frequency, it was found that Rengam-Jerangau soil species give the highest reading and
followed by Selangor-Kangkong species. The average dielectric measurement for both
Selangor-Kangkong and Rengam-Jerangau soil species are 2.34 and 2.35 respectively.
Meanwhile, peat soil species exhibits the lowest dielectric measurement of 1.83. It can be clearly seen that the pattern of dielectric measurement for every soil at the frequency above
600 MHz demonstrated a specific distribution which can be classified into two main regions
which are higher and lower between the ranges of 1.83 to 2.35. Pearson correlation analysis
between the frequency of 100 MHz and 2.6 GHz with respect to exposure rate for every soil
species was r = 0.38 and r = 0.51, respectively. This indicates that there was no strong
correlation between both parameter, natural background dose and soils dielectric for each soils
sample. This factor could be contributed by major and minor elements contained in each soils
sample species, especially Ferum, Fe and Silica, Si
Video Streaming Energy Consumption Analysis for Content Adaption Decision-Taking
Over recent years, rapid growth of smartphone technology and capabilities makes it an important tool in our daily activities. Despite increasing processing power and capabilities as well as decreasing price, these consumer smartphones are still limited in term of batteries capacity. The heterogeneity properties of these devices, subscribed network as well as its users also lead to mismatch problem. Usage in power-hungry multimedia applications such as streaming video players and 3D games, the limited battery capacity motivates smartphone energy aware content adaptation research to address these problems. This paper present experiments of energy consumption of video streaming in various video encoding properties as well as different network scenarios. The result of the experiments shows that energy savings up to 40% can be achieved by using different encoding property
Power Consumption Analysis, Measurement, Management, and Issues:A State-of-the-Art Review of Smartphone Battery and Energy Usage
The advancement and popularity of smartphones have made it an essential and all-purpose device. But lack of advancement in battery technology has held back its optimum potential. Therefore, considering its scarcity, optimal use and efficient management of energy are crucial in a smartphone. For that, a fair understanding of a smartphone's energy consumption factors is necessary for both users and device manufacturers, along with other stakeholders in the smartphone ecosystem. It is important to assess how much of the device's energy is consumed by which components and under what circumstances. This paper provides a generalized, but detailed analysis of the power consumption causes (internal and external) of a smartphone and also offers suggestive measures to minimize the consumption for each factor. The main contribution of this paper is four comprehensive literature reviews on: 1) smartphone's power consumption assessment and estimation (including power consumption analysis and modelling); 2) power consumption management for smartphones (including energy-saving methods and techniques); 3) state-of-the-art of the research and commercial developments of smartphone batteries (including alternative power sources); and 4) mitigating the hazardous issues of smartphones' batteries (with a details explanation of the issues). The research works are further subcategorized based on different research and solution approaches. A good number of recent empirical research works are considered for this comprehensive review, and each of them is succinctly analysed and discussed