2,765 research outputs found
Towards Secure Blockchain-enabled Internet of Vehicles: Optimizing Consensus Management Using Reputation and Contract Theory
In Internet of Vehicles (IoV), data sharing among vehicles is essential to
improve driving safety and enhance vehicular services. To ensure data sharing
security and traceability, highefficiency Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus
scheme as a hard security solution is utilized to establish blockchain-enabled
IoV (BIoV). However, as miners are selected from miner candidates by
stake-based voting, it is difficult to defend against voting collusion between
the candidates and compromised high-stake vehicles, which introduces serious
security challenges to the BIoV. To address such challenges, we propose a soft
security enhancement solution including two stages: (i) miner selection and
(ii) block verification. In the first stage, a reputation-based voting scheme
for the blockchain is proposed to ensure secure miner selection. This scheme
evaluates candidates' reputation by using both historical interactions and
recommended opinions from other vehicles. The candidates with high reputation
are selected to be active miners and standby miners. In the second stage, to
prevent internal collusion among the active miners, a newly generated block is
further verified and audited by the standby miners. To incentivize the standby
miners to participate in block verification, we formulate interactions between
the active miners and the standby miners by using contract theory, which takes
block verification security and delay into consideration. Numerical results
based on a real-world dataset indicate that our schemes are secure and
efficient for data sharing in BIoV.Comment: 12 pages, submitted for possible journal publicatio
Blockchain electricity trading using tokenised power delivery contracts. ESRI Working Paper No. 649 December 2019
This paper proposes a new mechanism for forward selling renewable electricity generation. In this transactive
framework, a wind or solar farm may directly sell to consumers a claim on their future power output in the form of nonfungible
blockchain tokens. Using the flexibility of smart contract code, which executes irrevocably on a blockchain, the realised
generation levels will offset the token holders’ electricity consumption in near real-time. To elucidate the flexibility offered by
such smart contracts, two ways of structuring these power delivery instruments are considered: firstly, an exotic tranched
system, where more senior tokens holders enjoy priority claims on power, as compared against a simpler pro-rata scheme,
where the realised output of a generator is equally apportioned between token holders. A notional market simulation is
provided to explore whether, for instance, consumers could exploit the flatter power delivery profiles of more senior tranches to
better schedule their responsive demands
Lightweight Blockchain Framework for Location-aware Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading can facilitate integration of a large
number of small-scale producers and consumers into energy markets.
Decentralized management of these new market participants is challenging in
terms of market settlement, participant reputation and consideration of grid
constraints. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled framework for P2P energy
trading among producer and consumer agents in a smart grid. A fully
decentralized market settlement mechanism is designed, which does not rely on a
centralized entity to settle the market and encourages producers and consumers
to negotiate on energy trading with their nearby agents truthfully. To this
end, the electrical distance of agents is considered in the pricing mechanism
to encourage agents to trade with their neighboring agents. In addition, a
reputation factor is considered for each agent, reflecting its past performance
in delivering the committed energy. Before starting the negotiation, agents
select their trading partners based on their preferences over the reputation
and proximity of the trading partners. An Anonymous Proof of Location (A-PoL)
algorithm is proposed that allows agents to prove their location without
revealing their real identity. The practicality of the proposed framework is
illustrated through several case studies, and its security and privacy are
analyzed in detail
An Efficient and Secure Energy Trading Approach with Machine Learning Technique and Consortium Blockchain
In this paper, a secure energy trading mechanism based on blockchain technology is proposed. The proposed model deals with energy trading problems such as insecure energy trading and inefficient charging mechanisms for electric vehicles (EVs) in a vehicular energy network (VEN). EVs face two major problems: finding an optimal charging station and calculating the exact amount of energy required to reach the selected charging station. Moreover, in traditional trading approaches, centralized parties are involved in energy trading, which leads to various issues such as increased computational cost, increased computational delay, data tempering and a single point of failure. Furthermore, EVs face various energy challenges, such as imbalanced load supply and fluctuations in voltage level. Therefore, a demand-response (DR) pricing strategy enables EV users to flatten load curves and efficiently adjust electricity usage. In this work, communication between EVs and aggregators is efficiently performed through blockchain. Moreover, a branching concept is involved in the proposed system, which divides EV data into two different branches: a Fraud Chain (F-chain) and an Integrity Chain (I-chain). The proposed branching mechanism helps solve the storage problem and reduces computational time. Moreover, an attacker model is designed to check the robustness of the proposed system against double-spending and replay attacks. Security analysis of the proposed smart contract is also given in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed work efficiently reduces the charging cost and time in a VEN.publishedVersio
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