56 research outputs found
PVW: Designing Virtual World Server Infrastructure
This paper presents a high level overview of PVW (Partitioned Virtual Worlds), a distributed system architecture for the management of virtual worlds. PVW is designed to support arbitrarily large and complex virtual worlds while accommodating dynamic and highly variable user population and content distribution density. The PVW approach enables the task of simulating and managing the virtual world to be distributed over many servers by spatially partitioning the environment into a hierarchical structure. This structure is useful both for balancing the simulation load across many nodes, as well as features such as geometric simplification and distribution of dynamic content
Authenticated Digital Avatars on Metaverse by Cyber Security Procedures
Metaverse is the next generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal and self sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, shop and socialize. In metaverse, users are represented as digital avatars and using identity, user can shuttle across various virtual worlds (i.e., sub-metaverses) to experience a digital life, as well as make digital creations and economic interactions supported by physical infrastructures and the metaverse engine. Virtual reality headsets are the main devices used to access the Metaverse. Privacy and security concerns of the metaverse. The users need to verify their identity to log into the metaverse platforms, and the security of this phase becomes vital. In this paper, the user authentication methods such as Information-based authentication, biometric based authentication, and multi-model methods are reviewed and compared in terms of users security but in some cases these methods are failed to secure from cyber attacks. In this paper, we proposed,Token-based authentication method to enhance the security for the users to access and work on the virtual environment
A Survey on Federated Learning for the Healthcare Metaverse: Concepts, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Recent technological advancements have considerately improved healthcare
systems to provide various intelligent healthcare services and improve the
quality of life. Federated learning (FL), a new branch of artificial
intelligence (AI), opens opportunities to deal with privacy issues in
healthcare systems and exploit data and computing resources available at
distributed devices. Additionally, the Metaverse, through integrating emerging
technologies, such as AI, cloud edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT),
blockchain, and semantic communications, has transformed many vertical domains
in general and the healthcare sector in particular. Obviously, FL shows many
benefits and provides new opportunities for conventional and Metaverse
healthcare, motivating us to provide a survey on the usage of FL for Metaverse
healthcare systems. First, we present preliminaries to IoT-based healthcare
systems, FL in conventional healthcare, and Metaverse healthcare. The benefits
of FL in Metaverse healthcare are then discussed, from improved privacy and
scalability, better interoperability, better data management, and extra
security to automation and low-latency healthcare services. Subsequently, we
discuss several applications pertaining to FL-enabled Metaverse healthcare,
including medical diagnosis, patient monitoring, medical education, infectious
disease, and drug discovery. Finally, we highlight significant challenges and
potential solutions toward the realization of FL in Metaverse healthcare.Comment: Submitted to peer revie
The Metaverse as the Digital Leviathan: A Case Study of Bit.Country
As Bitcoin continued to make headlines in 2021, additional digital assets such as non-fungible tokens brought more users into the blockchain ecosystem. As more individuals and entities took a closer look at the use cases for blockchain technology, the term metaverse began to emerge across news outlets and social media platforms. With Mark Zuckerberg, the Chief Executive Officer of Facebook, announcing that the organization would become a metaverse company and change the organization’s name to Meta, this announcement came with some criticism in that the Meta metaverse would be centralized. In this case study, the current state of nation-states was viewed through the lens of Hobbes’ The Leviathan to assess whether decentralized metaverses will transition to a Digital Leviathan using Bit.Country - a metaverse within the Polkadot blockchain ecosystem. The case study was conducted through interviews and uncovered that the quadruple bottom line implemented in conventional business could be transferrable to a digital world built on various blockchains, non-fungible tokens, and governance in a Digital Leviathan governed by the people
Peer-to-peer interactive 3D media dissemination in networked virtual environments
Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
SpaceMeta: Global-Scale Massive Multi-User Virtual Interaction over LEO Satellite Constellations
Low latency and high synchronization among users are critical for emerging
multi-user virtual interaction applications. However, the existing ground-based
cloud solutions are naturally limited by the complex ground topology and fiber
speeds, making it difficult to pace with the requirement of multi-user virtual
interaction. The growth of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations
becomes a promising alternative to ground solutions. To fully exploit the
potential of the LEO satellite, in this paper, we study the satellite server
selection problem for global-scale multi-user interaction applications over LEO
constellations. We propose an effective server selection framework, called
SpaceMeta, that jointly selects the ingress satellite servers and relay servers
on the communication path to minimize latency and latency discrepancy among
users. Extensive experiments using real-world Starlink topology demonstrate
that SpaceMeta reduces the latency by 6.72% and the interquartile range (IQR)
of user latency by 39.50% compared with state-of-the-art methods.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Satellite'2
Architecting the Metaverse: Blockchain and the Financial and Legal Regulatory Challenges of Virtual Real Estate
There has been disagreement over the value of purchasing space in the metaverse, but many businesses including Nike, The Wendy’s Company, and McDonald’s have jumped in headfirst. While the metaverse land rush has been called an “illusion” given underdeveloped infrastructure, including inadequate software and servers, and the potential opportunities for economic and legal abuse, the “real estate of the future” shows no signs of slowing. While the current virtual space of the metaverse is worth 84.09 billion by the end of 2028. But the long-term legal and regulatory considerations of capitalizing on the investment, as well as the manner in which blockchain technology can secure users’ data and digital assets, has yet to be properly investigated. With the metaverse still in a conceptual phase, building a new 3D social environment capable of digital transactions will represent most of the initial investment in time in human capital. Digital twin technologies, already well-established in industry, will be ported to support the need to architect and furnish the new digital world. The return on and viability of investing in the “real estate of the future” raises questions fundamental to the success or failure of the enterprise. As such this paper proposes a novel framing of the issue and looks at the intersection where finance, technology, and law are converging to prevent another Dot-com bubble of the late 1990s in metaverse-based virtual real estate transactions. Furthermore, the paper will argue that these domains are technologically feasible, but the main challenges for commercial users remain in the legal and regulatory arenas. As has been the case with the emergence of online commerce, a legal assessment of the metaverse indicates that courts will look to traditional and established legal principles when addressing issues until the enactment of federal and/or state statutes and accompanying regulations. Lastly, whereas traditional regulation of real estate would involve property law, the current legal framing of ownership of metaverse assets is governed by contract law
Secure and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence-Extended Reality (AI-XR) for Metaverses
Metaverse is expected to emerge as a new paradigm for the next-generation
Internet, providing fully immersive and personalised experiences to socialize,
work, and play in self-sustaining and hyper-spatio-temporal virtual world(s).
The advancements in different technologies like augmented reality, virtual
reality, extended reality (XR), artificial intelligence (AI), and 5G/6G
communication will be the key enablers behind the realization of AI-XR
metaverse applications. While AI itself has many potential applications in the
aforementioned technologies (e.g., avatar generation, network optimization,
etc.), ensuring the security of AI in critical applications like AI-XR
metaverse applications is profoundly crucial to avoid undesirable actions that
could undermine users' privacy and safety, consequently putting their lives in
danger. To this end, we attempt to analyze the security, privacy, and
trustworthiness aspects associated with the use of various AI techniques in
AI-XR metaverse applications. Specifically, we discuss numerous such challenges
and present a taxonomy of potential solutions that could be leveraged to
develop secure, private, robust, and trustworthy AI-XR applications. To
highlight the real implications of AI-associated adversarial threats, we
designed a metaverse-specific case study and analyzed it through the
adversarial lens. Finally, we elaborate upon various open issues that require
further research interest from the community.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure
Money & Trust in Digital Society, Bitcoin and Stablecoins in ML enabled Metaverse Telecollaboration
We present a state of the art and positioning book, about Digital society
tools, namely; Web3, Bitcoin, Metaverse, AI/ML, accessibility, safeguarding and
telecollaboration. A high level overview of Web3 technologies leads to a
description of blockchain, and the Bitcoin network is specifically selected for
detailed examination. Suitable components of the extended Bitcoin ecosystem are
described in more depth. Other mechanisms for native digital value transfer are
described, with a focus on `money'. Metaverse technology is over-viewed,
primarily from the perspective of Bitcoin and extended reality. Bitcoin is
selected as the best contender for value transfer in metaverses because of it's
free and open source nature, and network effect. Challenges and risks of this
approach are identified. A cloud deployable virtual machine based technology
stack deployment guide with a focus on cybersecurity best practice can be
downloaded from GitHub to experiment with the technologies. This deployable lab
is designed to inform development of secure value transaction, for small and
medium sized companies
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