A QoS-aware cache replacement policy for Vehicular Named Data Networks

International audienceVehicular Named Data Network (VNDN) uses Named Data Network (NDN) as a communication enabler. The communication is achieved using the content name instead of the host address. NDN integrates content caching at the network level rather than the application level. Hence, the network becomes aware of content caching and delivering. The content caching is a fundamental element in VNDN communication. However, due to the limitations of the cache store, only the most used content should be cached while the less used should be evicted. Traditional caching replacement policies may not work efficiently in VNDN due to the large and diverse exchanged content. To solve this issue, we propose an efficient cache replacement policy that takes the quality of service into consideration. The idea consists of classifying the traffic into different classes, and split the cache store into a set of sub-cache stores according to the defined traffic classes with different storage capacities according to the network requirements. Each content is assigned a popularity-density value that balances the content popularity with its size. Content with the highest popularity-density value is cached while the lowest is evicted. Simulation results prove the efficiency of the proposed solution to enhance the overall network quality of service

Named Data Networking in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

International audienceInformation-Centric Networking (ICN) has been proposed as one of the future Internet architectures. It is poised to address the challenges faced by today's Internet that include, but not limited to, scalability, addressing, security, and privacy. Furthermore, it also aims at meeting the requirements for new emerging Internet applications. To realize ICN, Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the recent implementations of ICN that provides a suitable communication approach due to its clean slate design and simple communication model. There are a plethora of applications realized through ICN in different domains where data is the focal point of communication. One such domain is Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) realized through Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) where vehicles exchange information and content with each other and with the infrastructure. To date, excellent research results have been yielded in the VANET domain aiming at safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience. However, due to the dynamic topologies, host-centric model, and ephemeral nature of vehicular communication, various challenges are faced by VANET that hinder the realization of successful vehicular networks and adversely affect the data dissemination, content delivery, and user experiences. To fill these gaps, NDN has been extensively used as underlying communication paradigm for VANET. Inspired by the extensive research results in NDN-based VANET, in this paper, we provide a detailed and systematic review of NDN-driven VANET. More precisely, we investigate the role of NDN in VANET and discuss the feasibility of NDN architecture in VANET environment. Subsequently, we cover in detail, NDN-based naming, routing and forwarding, caching, mobility, and security mechanism for VANET. Furthermore, we discuss the existing standards, solutions, and simulation tools used in NDN-based VANET. Finally, we also identify open challenges and issues faced by NDN-driven VANET and highlight future research directions that should be addressed by the research community

자율주행을 위한 V2X 기반 차량 CDN 설계

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공학전문대학원 응용공학과, 2021. 2. 김성우.Recent technical innovation has driven the evolution of autonomous vehicles. To improve safety as well as on-road vehicular experience, vehicles should be connected with each other or to vehicular networks. Some specification groups, e.g., IEEE and 3GPP, have studied and released vehicular communication requirements and architecture. IEEEs Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment focuses on dedicated and short-range communication, while 3GPPs New radio V2X supports not only sidelink but also uplink communication. The 3GPP Release 16, which supports 5G New Radio, offers evolved functionalities such as network slice, Network Function Virtualization, and Software-Defined Networking. In this study, we define and design a vehicular network architecture compliant with 5G core networks. For localization of autonomous driving vehicles, a high-definition map needs to contain the context of trajectory . We also propose new methods by which autonomous vehicles can push and pull map content efficiently, without causing bottlenecks on the network core. We evaluate the performance of V2X and of the proposed caching policy via network simulations. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves the performance of vehicular content delivery in real-world road environments.최근들어 기술의 혁신은 자율주행 자동차의 발전을 가속화 하고 있다. 보다 높은 수준의 자율 주행을 구현하기 위해서, 차량은 네트워크를 통해 서로 연결되어 있어야 하고 차량의 안전과 편의성을 향상 시킬 수 있도록 정보를 공유 할 수 있어야 한다. 표준화 단체인 IEEE와 3GPP는 차량 통신 요구사항, 아키텍처를 연구하고 개정해왔다. IEEE가 전용 채널을 통한 근접 지역 통신에 초점을 맞추는 반면에, 3GPP의 New Radio V2X는 Sidelink 뿐만 아니라 Uplink 통신을 동시에 지원한다. 5G 통신을 지원하는 3GPP Release 16은 Network Slice, NFV, SDN과 같은 새로운 통신 기능들을 제공한다. 이 연구에서는 새롭게 정의된 5G Core Network Architecture를 바탕으로 차량 네트워크를 정의하고 설계하였다. 자율주행 자동차의 측위를 위해서, 고해상도 지도는 각 구성요소들의 의미와 속성을 자세하게 포함하고 있어야 한다. 우리는 이 연구에서 V2X 네트워크 상에 HD map을 중계할 수 있는 Edge Server를 제안 함으로써, 중앙에서 발생할 수 있는 병목현상을 줄이고 전송 Delay를 최소화한다. 또한 Edge의 컨텐츠를 등록하고 삭제하는 정책으로 기존의 LRU, LFU가 아닌 새로운 컨텐츠 교체 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 실제 주행 시험과 시뮬레이션을 통한 실험을 통해 전송 품질을 향상시켰으며, Edge 컨텐츠의 활용도를 높였다.I. Introduction 1 II. Related Works 6 2.1 V2X Standardization 6 2.1.1 IEEE WAVE 6 2.1.2 3GPP C-V2X 9 2.2 Geographic Contents 14 2.3 Vehicular Content Centric Network 17 III. System Modeling 20 3.1 NR-V2X Architecture Analysis 20 3.2 Caching Strategy for HD Map Acquisition 23 IV. Evaluation 30 4.1 Contents Replacement Strategy 30 4.2 V2X Characteristics 36 4.3 Edge Performance in Driving on the Road 38 4.4 Edge Performance on 3D Point Clouds Caching for Localization 44 V. Conclusion 47 Bibliography 49 Abstract 54Maste

A review on green caching strategies for next generation communication networks

© 2020 IEEE. In recent years, the ever-increasing demand for networking resources and energy, fueled by the unprecedented upsurge in Internet traffic, has been a cause for concern for many service providers. Content caching, which serves user requests locally, is deemed to be an enabling technology in addressing the challenges offered by the phenomenal growth in Internet traffic. Conventionally, content caching is considered as a viable solution to alleviate the backhaul pressure. However, recently, many studies have reported energy cost reductions contributed by content caching in cache-equipped networks. The hypothesis is that caching shortens content delivery distance and eventually achieves significant reduction in transmission energy consumption. This has motivated us to conduct this study and in this article, a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art green caching techniques is provided. This review paper extensively discusses contributions of the existing studies on green caching. In addition, the study explores different cache-equipped network types, solution methods, and application scenarios. We categorically present that the optimal selection of the caching nodes, smart resource management, popular content selection, and renewable energy integration can substantially improve energy efficiency of the cache-equipped systems. In addition, based on the comprehensive analysis, we also highlight some potential research ideas relevant to green content caching

Caching on Named Data Network: a Survey and Future Research

The IP-based system cause inefficient content delivery process. This inefficiency was attempted to be solved with the Content Distribution Network. A replica server is located in a particular location, usually on the edge router that is closest to the user. The user’s request will be served from that replica server. However, caching on Content Distribution Network is inflexible. This system is difficult to support mobility and conditions of dynamic content demand from consumers. We need to shift the paradigm to content-centric. In Named Data Network, data can be placed on the content store on routersthat are closest to the consumer. Caching on Named Data Network must be able to store content dynamically. It should be selectively select content that is eligible to be stored or deleted from the content storage based on certain considerations, e.g. the popularity of content in the local area. This survey paper explains the development of caching techniques on Named Data Network that are classified into main points. The brief explanation of advantages and disadvantages are presented to make it easy to understand. Finally, proposed the open challenge related to the caching mechanism to improve NDN performance

A Survey of Deep Learning for Data Caching in Edge Network

The concept of edge caching provision in emerging 5G and beyond mobile networks is a promising method to deal both with the traffic congestion problem in the core network as well as reducing latency to access popular content. In that respect end user demand for popular content can be satisfied by proactively caching it at the network edge, i.e, at close proximity to the users. In addition to model based caching schemes learning-based edge caching optimizations has recently attracted significant attention and the aim hereafter is to capture these recent advances for both model based and data driven techniques in the area of proactive caching. This paper summarizes the utilization of deep learning for data caching in edge network. We first outline the typical research topics in content caching and formulate a taxonomy based on network hierarchical structure. Then, a number of key types of deep learning algorithms are presented, ranging from supervised learning to unsupervised learning as well as reinforcement learning. Furthermore, a comparison of state-of-the-art literature is provided from the aspects of caching topics and deep learning methods. Finally, we discuss research challenges and future directions of applying deep learning for cachin

Novel applications and contexts for the cognitive packet network

Autonomic communication, which is the development of self-configuring, self-adapting, self-optimising and self-healing communication systems, has gained much attention in the network research community. This can be explained by the increasing demand for more sophisticated networking technologies with physical realities that possess computation capabilities and can operate successfully with minimum human intervention. Such systems are driving innovative applications and services that improve the quality of life of citizens both socially and economically. Furthermore, autonomic communication, because of its decentralised approach to communication, is also being explored by the research community as an alternative to centralised control infrastructures for efficient management of large networks. This thesis studies one of the successful contributions in the autonomic communication research, the Cognitive Packet Network (CPN). CPN is a highly scalable adaptive routing protocol that allows for decentralised control in communication. Consequently, CPN has achieved significant successes, and because of the direction of research, we expect it to continue to find relevance. To investigate this hypothesis, we research new applications and contexts for CPN. This thesis first studies Information-Centric Networking (ICN), a future Internet architecture proposal. ICN adopts a data-centric approach such that contents are directly addressable at the network level and in-network caching is easily supported. An optimal caching strategy for an information-centric network is first analysed, and approximate solutions are developed and evaluated. Furthermore, a CPN inspired forwarding strategy for directing requests in such a way that exploits the in-network caching capability of ICN is proposed. The proposed strategy is evaluated via discrete event simulations and shown to be more effective in its search for local cache hits compared to the conventional methods. Finally, CPN is proposed to implement the routing system of an Emergency Cyber-Physical System for guiding evacuees in confined spaces in emergency situations. By exploiting CPN’s QoS capabilities, different paths are assigned to evacuees based on their ongoing health conditions using well-defined path metrics. The proposed system is evaluated via discrete-event simulations and shown to improve survival chances compared to a static system that treats evacuees in the same way.Open Acces

A Survey on Applications of Cache-Aided NOMA

Contrary to orthogonal multiple-access (OMA), non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) schemes can serve a pool of users without exploiting the scarce frequency or time domain resources. This is useful in meeting the future network requirements (5G and beyond systems), such as, low latency, massive connectivity, users' fairness, and high spectral efficiency. On the other hand, content caching restricts duplicate data transmission by storing popular contents in advance at the network edge which reduces data traffic. In this survey, we focus on cache-aided NOMA-based wireless networks which can reap the benefits of both cache and NOMA; switching to NOMA from OMA enables cache-aided networks to push additional files to content servers in parallel and improve the cache hit probability. Beginning with fundamentals of the cache-aided NOMA technology, we summarize the performance goals of cache-aided NOMA systems, present the associated design challenges, and categorize the recent related literature based on their application verticals. Concomitant standardization activities and open research challenges are highlighted as well