Communication Subsystems for Emerging Wireless Technologies

The paper describes a multi-disciplinary design of modern communication systems. The design starts with the analysis of a system in order to define requirements on its individual components. The design exploits proper models of communication channels to adapt the systems to expected transmission conditions. Input filtering of signals both in the frequency domain and in the spatial domain is ensured by a properly designed antenna. Further signal processing (amplification and further filtering) is done by electronics circuits. Finally, signal processing techniques are applied to yield information about current properties of frequency spectrum and to distribute the transmission over free subcarrier channels

Optimal Waveforms Design for Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio Sensors

Ultra-wideband impulse radio (UWB-IR) sensors should comply entirely with the regulatory spectral limits for elegant coexistence. Under this premise, it is desirable for UWB pulses to improve frequency utilization to guarantee the transmission reliability. Meanwhile, orthogonal waveform division multiple-access (WDMA) is significant to mitigate mutual interferences in UWB sensor networks. Motivated by the considerations, we suggest in this paper a low complexity pulse forming technique, and its efficient implementation on DSP is investigated. The UWB pulse is derived preliminarily with the objective of minimizing the mean square error (MSE) between designed power spectrum density (PSD) and the emission mask. Subsequently, this pulse is iteratively modified until its PSD completely conforms to spectral constraints. The orthogonal restriction is then analyzed and different algorithms have been presented. Simulation demonstrates that our technique can produce UWB waveforms with frequency utilization far surpassing the other existing signals under arbitrary spectral mask conditions. Compared to other orthogonality design schemes, the designed pulses can maintain mutual orthogonality without any penalty on frequency utilization, and hence, are much superior in a WDMA network, especially with synchronization deviations

Spektralno-efikasna zelena bežična komunikacija pomoću kognitivnog UWB signalnog modela

This paper focuses on spectral lines suppression for non-coherent impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) signals in the presence of pulse attenuation and timing jitter. Particular attention is devoted to severely unbalanced (i.e. non-uniform distributed) data sources where a unified spectral analysis is considered for both uncorrelated and correlated M-ary biorthogonal data-stream scenarios. Indeed, the specific novelty insights of this paper are as follows: i) Proposal of a new spectral-efficient signal model as a modified version of transmitted-reference (TR) approach, where each transmitted symbol is represented by a preamble Data-based Statistical Reference (DSR) followed by a set of transmitted data pulses and within this context, the preamble signal is designed to eliminate spectral lines via an adaptive monitoring of data-stream statistics as the optimal spectral policy; ii) Performance analysis in order to derive optimal signal parameters; iii) Evaluation of the system capabilities over different predefined operational modes.Ovaj rad se fokusira na prigušenje spektralnih linija kod ne-koherentnih radio-impulsnih ultra-širokopojasnih (IR-UWB) signala prilikom slabljenja pulsa i vremenskog podrhtavanja. Posebna pažnja je pridana značajno neuravnoteženim (npr. ne-unifornmno distribuiranim) izvorima podataka gdje je jedinstvena spektralna analiza razmatrana za nekorelirane i korelirane M-arne biortogonalne scenarije prijenosa podataka. Novine predstavljene u ovom radu su: i) Novi spektralno-efikasni signalni model koji je modificirana verzija pristupa prijenosom-reference (TR), gdje se svaki preneseni simbol prikazuje pomoću preambule definirane statistikom reference podataka (DSR) koju slijedi skup prenesenih podatkovnih pulseva, te je u tom kontekstu preambula signala dizajnirana kako bi se eliminirale spektralne linije pomoću optimalnog spektralnog kriterija definiranog adaptivnim praćenjem statistike poslanih podataka; ii) Analiza performansi kako bi se dobili optimalni parametri signala i iii) Evaluacija sposobnosti sustava prilikom rada u različitim predefiniranim stanjima

Implementation of spectrum sensing techniques for cognitive radio systems

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This work presents a method for real-time detection of secondary users at the cognitive wireless technologies base stations. Cognitive radios may hide themselves in between the primary users to avoid being charged for spectrum usage. To deal with such scenarios, a cyclostationary Fast Fourier Transform accumulation method (FAM) has been used to develop a new strategy for recognising channel users under perfect and different noise environment conditions. Channel users are tracked according to the changes in their signal parameters, such as modulation techniques. MATLAB® Simulation tool was used to run various modulation signals on channels, and the obtained spectral correlation density function shows successful recognition between secondary and primary signals. We are unaware of previous efforts to use the FAM characteristics or other detection methods to make a distinction between channel users as presented in this thesis. A novel combination of both cognitive radio technology and ultra wideband technology is interdicted in this thesis, looking for an efficient and reliable spectrum sensing method to detect the presence of primary transmitters, and a number of spectrum-sensing techniques implemented in ultra wideband and cognitive radio component (UWB-CR) under different AWGN and fading settings environments. The sensing performance of different detectors is compared in conditions of probability of detection and miss detection curves. Simulation results show that the selection of detectors rely on the different fading scenarios, detector requirements and on a priori knowledge. Furthermore, result showed that the matched filter detection method is suitable for detecting signals through UWB-CR system under various fading channels. A general observation is that the matched filter detector outperforms the other detectors in all scenarios by an average of SNR=-20 dB in the level of probability of detection (Pd) , and the energy detector slightly outperforms the cyclostationary detector, in the level Pd at SNR=-20 dB. Furthermore, the thesis adapts novel detection models of cooperative and cluster cooperative wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. In the proposed schemes, wavelet-based multi-resolution spectrum sensing and a proposed approach scheme are utilized for improving sensing performance of both models. On the other hand, cluster based cooperative spectrum sensing with soft combination Equal Gain Combination (EGC) scheme is proposed. The proposed detection models could achieve improvement of transmitter signal detection in terms of higher probability of detection and lower probability of false alarm. In the cooperative wideband spectrum sensing model, using traditional fusion rule, existing worst performance of false alarms by measurement is 78% of the sensing bands at an average SNR=5 dB; this compares with the proposed model, which is by measurement 19% false alarms of scanning spectrum at the same SNR for cluster cooperative wideband spectrum sensing. The proposed combining methods shows improvements of results with a high probability of detection (Pd) and low probability of false alarm (Pf) at an average SNR=-16 dB compared with other traditional fusion methods; this is illustrated through numerical results

Compressed sensing approach to ultra-wideband receiver design

One of the scarcest resources in the wireless communication system is the limited frequency spectrum. Many wireless communication systems are hindered by the bandwidth limitation and are not able to provide high speed communication. However, Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication promises a high speed communication because of its very wide bandwidth of 7.5GHz (3.1GHz-10.6GHz). The unprecedented bandwidth promises many advantages for the 21st century wireless communication system. However, UWB has many hardware challenges, such as a very high speed sampling rate requirement for analog to digital conversion, channel estimation, and implementation challenges. In this thesis, a new method is proposed using compressed sensing (CS), a mathematical concept of sub-Nyquist rate sampling, to reduce the hardware complexity of the system. The method takes advantage of the unique signal structure of the UWB symbol. Also, a new digital implementation method for CS based UWB is proposed. Lastly, a comparative study is done of the CS-UWB hardware implementation methods. Simulation results show that the application of compressed sensing using the proposed method significantly reduces the number of hardware complexity compared to the conventional method of using compressed sensing based UWB receiver