Cryptocurrency and the Future of the World Currency

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are increasingly loved, especially the COVID-19 pandemic sweeping the world. Some people choose to trade, invest, or mine using cryptocurrency because it is considered practical and able to generate fantastic profits. This article was written to analyze the prospects and implications of using cryptocurrency as a currency. To explore and describe the prospects and implications of cryptocurrency as a currency, a study was conducted with a literature review approach from secondary sources regarding the reasons for the prohibition of cryptocurrencies, the instability of crypto values, and without a clear underlaying of assets. Furthermore, the study in this article is expected to be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrencies as well as alternative efforts in creating a stable and fair world currenc

The Anatomy of the Grid - Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations

"Grid" computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this article, we define this new field. First, we review the "Grid problem," which we define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources-what we refer to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, authorization, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. Next, we present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy, and we discuss the central role played by the intergrid protocols that enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, we discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure

Jill Sikkelee v. Precision Airmotive Corp

USDC for the Middle District of Pennsylvani

An Integrated Architecture for Ad Hoc Grids

Extensive research has been conducted by the grid community to enable large-scale collaborations in pre-configured environments. grid collaborations can vary in scale and motivation resulting in a coarse classification of grids: national grid, project grid, enterprise grid, and volunteer grid. Despite the differences in scope and scale, all the traditional grids in practice share some common assumptions. They support mutually collaborative communities, adopt a centralized control for membership, and assume a well-defined non-changing collaboration. To support grid applications that do not confirm to these assumptions, we propose the concept of ad hoc grids. In the context of this research, we propose a novel architecture for ad hoc grids that integrates a suite of component frameworks. Specifically, our architecture combines the community management framework, security framework, abstraction framework, quality of service framework, and reputation framework. The overarching objective of our integrated architecture is to support a variety of grid applications in a self-controlled fashion with the help of a self-organizing ad hoc community. We introduce mechanisms in our architecture that successfully isolates malicious elements from the community, inherently improving the quality of grid services and extracting deterministic quality assurances from the underlying infrastructure. We also emphasize on the technology-independence of our architecture, thereby offering the requisite platform for technology interoperability. The feasibility of the proposed architecture is verified with a high-quality ad hoc grid implementation. Additionally, we have analyzed the performance and behavior of ad hoc grids with respect to several control parameters

The Case for a Modern Euskara: Proposed Structural Changes to Euskara Batua

This paper comes into being because of this author’s concern about the limited use and slow evolution of Euskara Batua, the version of the Basque language spoken today in parts of the Basque Country and the larger B, also called Euskal Herria, with its historical regions in Europe, bounded by Spain in the south and by France in the north, as well as in dozens of Basque communities in the USA, Central, and South America. What’s the problem? Well, currently the number of auxiliary verbs (verbal forms, aditz languntzaileak) in Euskara Batua as proposed by the Euskaltzaindia, the Academy of the Basque Language, approaches the number of 825, a gigantic number by any scale, any standard, in any language. In contrast, the number of auxiliary verbs in English is in the order of 12-15 (e.g., can, could, do, does, will, would, should, must, etc.), and this small number does the role and functions of all those 825 verbal forms in Euskara Batua. How has this happened? What was the Euskaltzaindia up to, and why? Why nobody within the Euskaltzaindia, or anywhere else, has said anything, objected to this unreasonable high number of 825 auxiliary verbs? Actually, there have been many objections, calling such system of verbs “artificial”, “unnecessary”, “harmful” and more, but little has been done about it, really. Accordingly, this paper reports on an independent survey that this author conducted recently in order to ascertain the knowledge of Euskara Batua, in particular the knowledge of auxiliary verbs and the use of Euskara Batua outside the school environment, namely at home, at work, and on the street. Statistical results of this survey are reported in this paper

Enhanced security architecture for support of credential repository in grid computing.

Grid Computing involves heterogeneous computers and resources, multiple administrative domains and the mechanisms and techniques for establishing and maintaining effective and secure communications between devices and systems. Both authentication and authorization are required. Current authorization models in each domain vary from one system to another, which makes it difficult for users to obtain authorization across multiple domains at one time. We propose an enhanced security architecture to provide support for decentralized authorization based on attribute certificates which may be accessed via the Internet. This allows the administration of privileges to be widely distributed over the Internet in support of autonomy for resource owners and providers. In addition, it provides a uniform approach for authorization which may be used by resource providers from various domains. We combine authentication with the authorization mechanism by using both MyProxy online credential repository and LDAP directory server. In our architecture, we use MyProxy server to store identity certificates for authentication, and utilize an LDAP server-based architecture to store attribute certificates for authorization. Using a standard web browser, a user may connect to a grid portal and allow the portal to retrieve those certificates in order to access grid resources on behalf of the user. Thus, our approach can make use of the online credential repository to integrate authentication, delegation and attribute based access control together to provide enhanced, flexible security for grid system. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2004 .C54. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 43-01, page: 0231. Adviser: R. D. Kent. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2004