A low voltage 900 MHz CMOS mixer.

by Cheng Wang Chi.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-111).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Abstract --- p.i摘要 --- p.iiiAcknowledgments --- p.vContents --- p.viiList of Tables --- p.xiiiList of Figures --- p.xivChapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Technical Challenges of CMOS RF Design --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- General Background --- p.2Chapter 1.3.1 --- Bipolar and CMOS Mixers --- p.4Chapter 1.4 --- Research Goal --- p.4Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.5Chapter Chapter2 --- RF Fundamentals --- p.6Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6Chapter 2.2 --- Frequency Translation --- p.6Chapter 2.3 --- Conversion Gain --- p.8Chapter 2.4 --- Linearity --- p.8Chapter 2.4.1 --- 1-dB Compression Point --- p.11Chapter 2.4.2 --- Third Intercept Point (IP3) --- p.11Chapter 2.5 --- Dynamic Range (DR) --- p.13Chapter 2.5.1 --- Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) --- p.13Chapter 2.5.2 --- Blocking Dynamic Range (BDR) --- p.14Chapter 2.6 --- Blocking and Desensitization --- p.15Chapter 2.7 --- Port-to-Port Isolation --- p.15Chapter 2.8 --- Single-Balanced and Double-Balanced Mixers --- p.16Chapter 2.9 --- Noise --- p.16Chapter 2.9.1 --- Noise in the Local Oscillator --- p.17Chapter 2.9.2 --- Noise Figure --- p.18Chapter Chapter3 --- Downconversion Mixer --- p.19Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.19Chapter 3.2 --- Review of Mixer Topology --- p.19Chapter 3.2.1 --- Square-Law Mixer --- p.20Chapter 3.2.2 --- CMOS Gilbert Cell --- p.21Chapter 3.2.3 --- Potentiometric Mixer --- p.22Chapter 3.2.4 --- Subsampling Mixer --- p.23Chapter Chapter4 --- Proposed Downconversion Mixer --- p.24Chapter 4.1 --- Analysis of Proposal Mixer --- p.24Chapter 4.2 --- Current Folded Mirror Mixer --- p.24Chapter 4.2.1 --- Operating Principle --- p.25Chapter 4.2.2 --- Large Signal Analysis --- p.26Chapter 4.2.3 --- Small Signal Analysis --- p.29Chapter 4.3 --- Current Mode Mixer --- p.32Chapter 4.3.1 --- Operating Principle --- p.33Chapter 4.3.2 --- Large Signal Analysis --- p.33Chapter 4.3.3 --- Small Signal Analysis --- p.34Chapter 4.3.4 --- V-I Converter --- p.36Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Equation Analysis --- p.37Chapter 4.4 --- Second Order Effects --- p.38Chapter 4.4.1 --- Device Mismatch --- p.38Chapter 4.4.2 --- Body Effect --- p.39Chapter 4.5 --- Single-ended to Differential-ended converter --- p.39Chapter 4.6 --- Output Buffer Stage --- p.40Chapter 4.7 --- Noise Theory --- p.41Chapter 4.7.1 --- SSB and DSB Noise Figure --- p.42Chapter 4.7.2 --- Noise Figure --- p.43Chapter Chapter5 --- Simulation Results --- p.44Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.44Chapter 5.2 --- Current Folded Mirror Mixer --- p.44Chapter 5.2.1 --- Conversion Gain --- p.45Chapter 5.2.2 --- Linearity --- p.46Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- 1dB Compression Point and IIP3 --- p.49Chapter 5.2.3 --- Output Buffer Stage --- p.49Chapter 5.3 --- Current Mode Mixer --- p.51Chapter 5.3.1 --- Conversion Gain --- p.51Chapter 5.3.2 --- Linearity --- p.52Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- 1-dB Compression Point and IIP3 --- p.52Chapter 5.3.3 --- Output Buffer Stage --- p.53Chapter 5.3.4 --- V-I Converter --- p.54Chapter 5.4 --- Single-ended to Differential-ended Converter --- p.55Chapter Chapter6 --- Layout Consideration --- p.57Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.57Chapter 6.2 --- CMOS transistor Layout --- p.57Chapter 6.3 --- Resistor Layout --- p.59Chapter 6.4 --- Capacitor Layout --- p.60Chapter 6.5 --- Substrate Tap --- p.62Chapter 6.6 --- Pad Layout --- p.63Chapter 6.7 --- Analog Cell Layout --- p.64Chapter Chapter7 --- Measurements --- p.65Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.65Chapter 7.2 --- Downconversion mixer --- p.66Chapter 7.3 --- PCB Layout --- p.66Chapter 7.4 --- Test Setups --- p.68Chapter 7.4.1 --- Measurement Setup for S-Parameter --- p.68Chapter 7.4.2 --- Measurement Setup for 1-dB Compression Point and IIP3 --- p.70Chapter 7.5 --- Measurement Result of the Current Folded Mirror Mixer --- p.72Chapter 7.5.1 --- S-Parameter Measurement --- p.75Chapter 7.5.2 --- Conversion Gain and the Effect of the IF Variation --- p.77Chapter 7.5.3 --- 1-dB Compression Point --- p.78Chapter 7.5.4 --- IIP3 --- p.79Chapter 7.5.5 --- LO Power Effect to the Mixer --- p.81Chapter 7.5.6 --- Performance Summaries of the Current Folded Mirror Mixer --- p.82Chapter 7.5.7 --- Discussion --- p.83Chapter 7.6 --- Measurement Result of the Current Mode Mixer --- p.84Chapter 7.6.1 --- S-Parameter Measurement --- p.87Chapter 7.6.2 --- Conversion Gain and the Effect of the IF Variation --- p.89Chapter 7.6.3 --- 1-dB Compression Point --- p.90Chapter 7.6.4 --- IIP3 --- p.91Chapter 7.6.5 --- LO Power Effect to the Mixer --- p.93Chapter 7.6.6 --- Performance Summaries of the Current Mode Mixer --- p.94Chapter 7.6.7 --- Discussion --- p.95Chapter 7.7 --- Measurement Result of the Single-ended to Differential-ended converter --- p.96Chapter 7.7.1 --- Measurement Setup for the Phase Difference --- p.97Chapter 7.7.2 --- Phase Difference Measurement --- p.98Chapter 7.7.3 --- Discussion --- p.99Chapter Chapter8 --- Conclusion --- p.100Chapter Appendix A --- Characteristics of the Gilbert Quad Pair --- p.102Chapter A.1 --- Large-Signal Analysis --- p.102Chapter Appendix B --- Characteristics of the V-I Converter --- p.105Chapter B.1 --- Large-Signal Analysis --- p.105Bibliography --- p.10