A new sketch based interface using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix for perceptual simplification of paper based scribbles

The sketching activity has an important role in conceptual design and a variety of tools exist which help designers to facilitate the generation of 3D models form sketched drawings. This paper describes a new sketch-to-3D tool, which uses annotations to aid the interpretation of the drawing. Over-traced lines present in the designer’s scrib- bles provide an interpretation challenge, which must be resolved in order to obtain 3D models from these sketches. Perceptual grouping techniques used to interpret such images require that the drawing is represented as vectors. These are generally obtained through thinning or edge detection. However, we show that processing scribbles using these techniques result in a large number of vectors which do not provide a faithful representation of the drawing. This paper investigates the use of the co-occurrence matrix to perceptually simplify these drawings, thus obtaining a smaller number of vectors which describe the drawing more faithfully.peer-reviewe

Line tracking algorithm for scribbled drawings

This paper describes a line tracking algorithm that may be used to extract lines from paper based scribbles. The proposed algorithm improves the performance of existing sparse-pixel line tracking techniques that are used in vectorization by introducing perceptual saliency and Kalman filtering concepts to the line tracking. Furthermore, an adaptive sampling size is used such that it is possible to adjust the size of the tracking step to reflect the stroke curvature.peer-reviewe

A profile-driven sketching interface for pen-and-paper sketches

This research is funded by the University of Malta under the research grant R30 31330 and is part of the project Innovative ‘Early Design’ Product Prototyping (InPro).Sketching interface tools are developed to allow designers to benefit from the powerful computational tools avail- able in computer aided design systems. However, despite the number of sketching tools such as PDAs and Tablet PCs available on market, designers typically create a number of initial conceptual ideas using paper-based sketches and scribbles such that these tools remain inaccessible to designers in the early design stages. In this paper we describe a profile-driven, paper-based sketching interface which infers the 3D geometry of objects drawn by designers using the traditional pen and paper sketching. We show that by making full use of the shape information present in the scribbled drawing, it is possible to obtain a paper-based sketching interface that retains the simplicity of the early- stage design drawings while allowing for the modeling of a variety of object shapes.peer-reviewe