9,683 research outputs found
A Survey on Exotic Signatures for Post-quantum Blockchain: Challenges and Research Directions
Blockchain technology provides efficient and secure solutions to various online activities by utilizing a wide range of cryptographic tools. In this article, we survey the existing literature on post-quantum secure digital signatures that possess exotic advanced features and that are crucial cryptographic tools used in the blockchain ecosystem for (1) account management, (2) consensus efficiency, (3) empowering scriptless blockchain, and (4) privacy. The exotic signatures that we particularly focus on in this work are the following: multi-/aggregate, threshold, adaptor, blind, and ring signatures. Herein the term "exotic"refers to signatures with properties that are not just beyond the norm for signatures, e.g., unforgeability, but also imbue new forms of functionalities. Our treatment of such exotic signatures includes discussions on existing challenges and future research directions in the post-quantum space. We hope that this article will help to foster further research to make post-quantum cryptography more accessible so that blockchain systems can be made ready in advance of the approaching quantum threats
Data-driven modeling of the olfactory neural codes and their dynamics in the insect antennal lobe
Recordings from neurons in the insects' olfactory primary processing center,
the antennal lobe (AL), reveal that the AL is able to process the input from
chemical receptors into distinct neural activity patterns, called olfactory
neural codes. These exciting results show the importance of neural codes and
their relation to perception. The next challenge is to \emph{model the
dynamics} of neural codes. In our study, we perform multichannel recordings
from the projection neurons in the AL driven by different odorants. We then
derive a neural network from the electrophysiological data. The network
consists of lateral-inhibitory neurons and excitatory neurons, and is capable
of producing unique olfactory neural codes for the tested odorants.
Specifically, we (i) design a projection, an odor space, for the neural
recording from the AL, which discriminates between distinct odorants
trajectories (ii) characterize scent recognition, i.e., decision-making based
on olfactory signals and (iii) infer the wiring of the neural circuit, the
connectome of the AL. We show that the constructed model is consistent with
biological observations, such as contrast enhancement and robustness to noise.
The study answers a key biological question in identifying how lateral
inhibitory neurons can be wired to excitatory neurons to permit robust activity
patterns
Coherent Network Analysis of Gravitational Waves from Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
Using predictions from three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamics simulations of
core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), we present a coherent network analysis to
detection, reconstruction, and the source localization of the
gravitational-wave (GW) signals. We use the {\tt RIDGE} pipeline for the
analysis, in which the network of LIGO Hanford, LIGO Livingston, VIRGO, and
KAGRA is considered. By combining with a GW spectrogram analysis, we show that
several important hydrodynamics features in the original waveforms persist in
the waveforms of the reconstructed signals. The characteristic excess in the
spectrograms originates not only from rotating core-collapse, bounce and the
subsequent ring down of the proto-neutron star (PNS) as previously identified,
but also from the formation of magnetohydrodynamics jets and non-axisymmetric
instabilities in the vicinity of the PNS. Regarding the GW signals emitted near
at the rotating core bounce, the horizon distance extends up to 18 kpc
for the most rapidly rotating 3D model in this work. Following the rotating
core bounce, the dominant source of the GW emission shifts to the
non-axisymmetric instabilities. The horizon distances extend maximally up to
40 kpc seen from the spin axis. With an increasing number of 3D models
trending towards explosion recently, our results suggest that in addition to
the best studied GW signals due to rotating core-collapse and bounce, the time
is ripe to consider how we can do science from GWs of CCSNe much more seriously
than before. Particularly the quasi-periodic signals due to the
non-axisymmetric instabilities and the detectability should deserve further
investigation to elucidate the inner-working of the rapidly rotating CCSNe.Comment: PRD in pres
Envisioning the Future of Cyber Security in Post-Quantum Era: A Survey on PQ Standardization, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities
The rise of quantum computers exposes vulnerabilities in current public key
cryptographic protocols, necessitating the development of secure post-quantum
(PQ) schemes. Hence, we conduct a comprehensive study on various PQ approaches,
covering the constructional design, structural vulnerabilities, and offer
security assessments, implementation evaluations, and a particular focus on
side-channel attacks. We analyze global standardization processes, evaluate
their metrics in relation to real-world applications, and primarily focus on
standardized PQ schemes, selected additional signature competition candidates,
and PQ-secure cutting-edge schemes beyond standardization. Finally, we present
visions and potential future directions for a seamless transition to the PQ
era
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