A Novel Scalable Multicast Mesh Routing Protocol for Mobile ad hoc Networks

In recent years the use of portable and wireless equipment is becoming more widespread, and as in many situations communication infrastructure might not be available, wireless networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly important. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that exchanges data over wireless paths. The nodes in this network are free to move at any time, therefore the network topology changes in an unpredictable way. Since there is no fixed infrastructure support in mobile ad hoc networks, each node functions as a host and a router. Due to mobility, continuous change in topology, limited bandwidth, and reliance on batteries; designing a reliable and scalable routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. Multicast routing protocols have been developed for routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing protocols suffer from overheads and scalability. As the number of senders, groups, and mobility speed increases, the routing overhead and the packet collision increases, and therefore the packet delivery ratio decreases. Thus none of the existing proposed multicast routing protocols perform well in every situation. In this study a novel multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks is proposed. It is an efficient and scalable routing protocol, and named Network Sender Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMRP). NSMRP is a reactive mesh based multicast routing protocol. A central node called mesh sender (MS) is selected periodically from among the group(s) sender(s) to create one mesh in order to be used in forwarding control and data packets to all multicast group(s) member(s). One invitation message will be periodically flooded to all group(s) member(s) by MS to join the group(s). The proposed routing protocol is evaluated by simulation and compared with a well known routing protocol. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn

A Review of the Energy Efficient and Secure Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficiency of the wireless link when sending multiple copies of messages by exploiting the inherent broadcast property of wireless transmission. Secure multicast routing plays a significant role in MANETs. However, offering energy efficient and secure multicast routing is a difficult and challenging task. In recent years, various multicast routing protocols have been proposed for MANETs. These protocols have distinguishing features and use different mechanismsComment: 15 page

Static and Dynamic Study of the Performance of Multicast in Ad Hoc Networks Using ODMRP Protocol

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any preexisting network infrastructure or centralized administration. On Demand Multicast Routing protocol (ODMRP) is a multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Its efficiency, simplicity, and robustness to mobility renders it one of the most widely used MANET multicast protocols. In this paper, our proposed scheme presents two different scenarios (static and dynamic) used to study the performance of ODMRP as a multicast routing protocol based on mesh topology and fmally concluded that protocol operates well in dynamic environment than in static one because the mobile node has a better packet delivery ratio than in static scenario. Keywords: Multicast, Ad hoc, Simulation, ODMRP, MANET, MCB

A zone-based shared-tree multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

This paper proposes a new multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The proposed protocol, Shared-Tree MZR, is a shared tree variant of the Multicast Routing Protocol based on Zone Routing (MZR). The concept of zone-based multicast routing for mobile ad hoc networks was originally proposed in MZR. The new protocol utilizes the advantages of the shared-tree together with the advantages of the zone-based routing. The performance of the protocol is analyzed for various network conditions. The test results show that the new protocol performs well and has significantly low overhead in scenarios with multiple sources

A novel scalable multicast mesh routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

In recent years the use of portable and wireless equipment is becoming more widespread, and as in many situations communication infrastructure might not be available, wireless networks such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly important. A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of nodes that exchanges data over wireless paths. The nodes in this network are free to move at any time, therefore the network topology changes in an unpredictable way. Since there is no fixed infrastructure support in mobile ad hoc networks, each node functions as a host and a router. Due to mobility, continuous change in topology, limited bandwidth, and reliance on batteries; designing a reliable and scalable routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. Multicast routing protocols have been developed for routing packets in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing protocols suffer from overheads and scalability. As the number of senders, groups, and mobility speed increases, the routing overhead and the packet collision increases, and therefore the packet delivery ratio decreases. Thus none of the existing proposed multicast routing protocols perform well in every situation. In this study a novel multicast routing protocol for ad hoc networks is proposed. It is an efficient and scalable routing protocol, and named Network Sender Multicast Routing Protocol (NSMRP). NSMRP is a reactive mesh based multicast routing protocol. A central node called mesh sender (MS) is selected periodically from among the group(s) sender(s) to create one mesh in order to be used in forwarding control and data packets to all multicast group(s) member(s). One invitation message will be periodically flooded to all group(s) member(s) by MS to join the group(s). The proposed routing protocol is evaluated by simulation and compared with a well known routing protocol. The results are analyzed and conclusions are drawn.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

A minimum-cost-neighbor multicast routing protocol for mobile wireless ad hoc networks

MiCoN (Minimum-Cost Neighbor) is a new on-demand multicast routing protocol for mobile wireless ad hoc networks. Multicast routing in MiCoN is based on a new multi-route unicast routing protocol for maintaining routes between the network nodes and all group receivers. This routing is guaranteed to be loop-free even in the presence of dropped packets in the wireless network. MiCoN packet forwarding is based on a new local approximation of the optimal multicast tree, achieved by modeling multicasting as a Facility-Location-Problem. Evaluated in ns-2 simulations. MiCoN outperforms ADMR, the previously best performing on-demand multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. To support this evaluation, I have also developed a new simulation model for sparse movement scenarios in ad hoc networks. MiCoN achieves better performance than ADMR, in terms of its packet delivery ratio, latency, and overhead in dense scenarios, and substantially outperforms ADMR on these metrics in sparse networks

Geocasting and Multicasting Routing Operation in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Abstract: The paper considers, the different multicasting routing protocols in wireless mobile Ad hoc network (MANET).An Ad hoc network is composed of mobile nodes without the presence of a wired support infrastructure .In this environment routing/multicasting protocols are faced with the challenge of producing multihop router under host mobility and band constraints. Various approaches and routing protocol have been proposed to address Ad hoc networking problems and multiple standardization effort within the Internet Engineering Task Force, along with academic and industrial research projects. In recent year, a number of new multicast protocols of different styles have been proposed for Ad hoc networks. Geocast Adaptive Mesh Environment for Routing [GAMER] is one which provides geocast communication in an Ad hoc network and it adapts to the correct network environment by dynamically changing the density of the mesh. Forwarding Group Multicast Protocol [FGMP] is based on the forward group concept and it dynamically refreshes the forward group member using a procedure to On-Demand routing. The relative strengths, weakness and applicability of each multicast protocol to diverse situations have considered and analyzed. Index Terms: FGMP Protocol, GAMER Protocol, MANETs, multicast, routing. An Ad hoc networks [1] [2] , is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network with no fixed infrastructure (or) central administration. Due to the limited radio propagation range of wireless devices, routers are often "multihop". Applications such as disaster recovery, crowd control, search, rescue and automated battlefields are typical examples of where Ad hoc networks are deployed. Nodes in these networks more arbitrary thus network topology changes frequently and unpredictably. Moreover, bandwidth and battery power are limited. These constraints, in combination with the dynamic network topology make routing and multicasting in Ad hoc networks extremely challenging. Various multicast protocols have been newly proposed to perform multicasting in Ad hoc network. However, no operation study between them has yet been performed. The comparative analysis of Ad hoc unicast routing protocols has been reported. This paper gives a comparison study of two protocols with different characteristics: GAMER [3] and FGMP The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section I presents an overview of the multicast protocols. The section II discusses the future enhancements, and concluding remarks are made in section III.

1 A Performance Comparison Study of Ad Hoc Wireless Multicast Protocols

Abstract—In this paper we investigate the performance of multicast routing protocols in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. An ad hoc network is composed of mobile nodes without the presence of a wired support infrastructure. In this environment, routing/multicasting protocols are faced with the challenge of producing multihop routes under host mobility and bandwidth constraints. In recent years, a number of new multicast protocols of different styles have been proposed for ad hoc networks. However, systematic performance evaluations and comparative analysis of these protocols in a common realistic environment has not yet been performed. In this study, we simulate a set of representative wireless ad hoc multicast protocols and evaluate them in various network scenarios. The relative strengths, weaknesses, and applicability of each multicast protocol to diverse situations are studied and discussed. I