Allocation of control and data channels for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Both IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.4a standards allow for dynamic channel allocation and use of multiple channels available at their physical layers but its MAC protocols are designed only for single channel. Also, sensor's transceivers such as CC2420 provide multiple channels and as shown in [1], [2] and [3] channel switch latency of CC2420 transceiver is just about 200$\mu$s. In order to enhance both energy efficiency and to shorten end to end delay, we propose, in this report, a spectrum-efficient frequency allocation schemes that are able to statically assign control channels and dynamically reuse data channels for Personal Area Networks (PANs) inside a Large-Scale WSN based on UWB technology

A Distributed Management Scheme for supporting energy-harvested I/O devices

Current wireless technologies for industrial application, such as WirelessHART and ISA100.11a, are not designed to support harvester-powered input/output (I/O) devices, where energy availability varies in a non-deterministic manner. The centralized management approach of these standards makes it difficult and costly for harvester-powered I/O devices (sensor/actuators) to re-join in the network in case of power failure. The communication overhead and delay to cope with the dynamic environment of a large-scale industrial network are also very high for an I/O device. In this paper, we therefore propose a Distributed Management scheme for Hybrid networks to provide Real-time communication (D-MHR) based on the IEEE 802.15.4e and Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks (RPL) standards, which can address the requirements of energy constrained I/O devices. In D-MHR, the routers can dynamically reserve communication resources and manage the I/O devices in the local star sub-networks. We demonstrate that D-MHR achieves higher network management efficiency compared to IS100.11a standard, without compromising the latency and reliability requirements of industrial wireless networks

Multichannel access for bandwidth improvement in IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a new multichannel allocation protocol for ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 networks. The main goal is to improve the global throughput which is basically insufficient to satisfy high bandwidth requirements for applications like monitoring or traffic control. The solution is based on the availability of multiple channels on current low- cost, low-energy radio transceivers, such as TI/Chipcon CC2420, which can be easily tuned dynamically to different frequencies. This possibility can be exploited to increase the number of simultaneous transmissions on adjacent links. The allocation of the different channels is centralized and distributed by the coordinator thanks to a function designed to compute the channel offset between two successive children routers. In the nodes, the switching process between the transmission and the reception channels is triggered starting from the PHY primitive available on the transceiver. The evaluation shows that the proposed protocol improves the global throughput by a factor between 2 and 5, depending on the scenario, compared to the single-channel solution or a random channel allocation

Multi-channel Utilization Algorithms for IEEE 802.15.4 based Wireless Network: A Survey

In the pass years, IEEE 802.15.4 based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received great attention and have been employed in many areas such as inventory checking, local monitoring and alarming etc. One of the key issues affecting WSN's system performance is interference caused by devices operating with the same or different standards on the overlapping frequency within the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This paper addresses the coexistence problem, which is the key motivation for the necessity of flexible channel usage. A review of existing approaches being proposed to date supporting multi-channel utilization in IEEE 802.15.4 based WSNs is categorized and discussed. The paper also presents major functionalities needed in implementing multi-channel utilization

Y-MAC: An Energy-Efficient Multi-channel MAC Protocol for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks

As the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) becomes widespread, node density tends to increase. This poses a new challenge for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol design. Although traditional MAC protocols achieve low-power operation, they use only a single channel which limits their performance. Several multi-channel MAC protocols for WSNs have been recently proposed. One of the key observations is that these protocols are less energy efficient than single-channel MAC protocols under light traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient multi-channel MAC protocol, Y-MAC, for WSNs. Our goal is to achieve both high performance and energy efficiency under diverse traffic conditions. In contrast to most of previous multi-channel MAC protocols for WSNs, we implemented Y-MAC on a real sensor node platform and conducted extensive experiments to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that Y-MAC is energy efficient and maintains high performance under high-traffic conditions

QoS driven distributed multi-channel scheduling MAC protocol for multihop WSNs

Multi-Channel Dynamic Scheduling has been centric stage of research in WSNs in recent years. In this paper, we propose a Distributed Multi-Channel Scheduling MAC communication protocol (DMS-MAC) to improve the network performance of WSNs, which selects the best channel for an individual wireless sensor node. DMS-MAC supports dynamic channel assignment mechanism where each sensor node is equipped with a directional antennas. The proposed protocol helps to decrease the probability of collision, interferences and improves the overall network performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The protocol is most suitable for short packet transmission under low traffic networks and has ability to utilize parallel transmission among neighboring nodes and achieves increased energy efficiency when multi-channels are available. Simulation result shows that the proposed protocol improves the performance of aggregate throughput, probability of successful transmission, packet delivery ratio, energy consumption and average end-to-end delay

Dense clustered multi-channel wireless sensor cloud

Dense Wireless Sensor Network Clouds have an inherent issue of latency and packet drops with regards to data collection. Though there is extensive literature that tries to address these issues through either scheduling, channel contention or a combination of the two, the problem still largely exists. In this paper, a Clustered Multi-Channel Scheduling Protocol (CMSP) is designed that creates a Voronoi partition of a dense network. Each partition is assigned a channel, and a scheduling scheme is adopted to collect data within the Voronoi partitions. This scheme collects data from the partitions concurrently and then passes it to the base station. CMSP is compared using simulation with other multi-channel protocols like Tree-based Multi-Channel, Multi-Channel MAC and Multi-frequency Media Access Control for wireless sensor networks. Results indicate CMSP has higher throughput and data delivery ratio at a lower power consumption due to network partitioning and hierarchical scheduling that minimizes load on the network