Designing Secure Access Control Model in Cyber Social Networks

Nowadays, information security in online communication has become an indisputable topic. People prefer pursuing their connection and public relations due to the greater flexibility and affordability of online communication. Recently, organizations have established online networking sites concerned with sharing assets among their employees. As more people engage in social network, requirements for protecting information and resources becomes vital. Over the years, many access control methods have been proposed. Although these methods cover various information security aspects, they have not provided an appropriate approach for securing information within distributed online networking sites. Moreover, none of the previous research provides an access control method in case an existing resource encompassing various parts and each part has its own accessing control policy. In this research, we investigate the access control requirements in order to conserve data and encompassed resources, which are shared in the social network, from users with unapproved access. Under the proposed method, users are able to define policies easily to protect their individual information and resources from unauthorized users. In addition, requestors are able to generate inquiries in easy and efficient way. We define an appropriate format to present rules and queries, which are converted from policies and inquiries respectively. The proposed approach defines a method in case a user would like to access a resource belonging to another user where both users are members of different online networking sites. In order to add more flexibility, this method controls access to data and resources by evaluating requestor’s attributes, object’s attributes, action or operation taken by requestor, environmental condition, and policies which are created by users or a super user of social network to protect the users’ resources. This approach is called Policy-Based Attribute Access Control (PBAAC). The policies defined to secure a resource may conflict with other policies. The proposed method offers an appropriate solution to resolve this issue. Due to achievement of better performance with regards to efficiency, this research analyzes the method to compromise simple rules, complex rules, or rules including several attributes. The results prove that simple rules provide better performance

Context-Based Access for Infrequent Requests in Tanzania\u27s Health Care System

Access control is an important aspect of any information system. It is a way of ensuring that users can only access what they are authorised to and no more. This can be achieved by granting users access to resources based on pre-defined organisational and legislative rules. Although access control has been extensively studied, and as a result, a wide range of access control models, mechanisms and systems have been proposed, specific access control requirements for healthcare systems that needs to support the continuity of care in an accountable manner have not been addressed. This results in a gap between what is required by the application domain and what is actually practised, and thus access control solutions implemented for the domain become too restrictive. The continuity of care is defined as the delivery of seamless health care services to patients through integration, coordination and sharing of information between providers. This thesis, therefore, designs a context-based access control model that allows healthcare professionals to bypass access rules in an accountable manner in case of an infrequent access request involving an emergency situation. This research uses the Tanzania\u27s healthcare system as a case study domain

Convergence et sécurité d'accès dans les systèmes d'édition collaborative massivement répartis

RÉSUMÉ Parmi les défis des systèmes d'édition collaborative figure la cohérence des objets partagés. Dans la perspective d'une édition cohérente, le système doit garantir la convergence. Pour assurer la cohérence des objets partagés, la littérature propose plusieurs solutions. Les différentes approches majeures proposées sont : l'approche des types de données commutatives répliquées (CRDT) et l'approche de la transformée opérationnelle (OT). L'approche CRDT considère des opérations commutatives qui peuvent être exécutées dans un ordre différent. L'une des difficultés auxquelles CRDT se bute réside en la commutativité des opérations. Toutes les opérations d'édition doivent être commutatives afin d'être exécutées dans un ordre quelconque. L'approche de la transformée opérationnelle quant à elle propose une transformation des opérations distantes reçues par rapport aux opérations qui lui sont concurrentes ; même si elles sont déjà exécutées. Pour effectuer les transformations, l'approche OT utilise un algorithme de transformation inclusive (IT). Dans la littérature, plusieurs travaux ont prouvé que les principaux algorithmes de transformation inclusive proposés ne satisfont pas le critère de convergence. Outre la cohérence, la sécurisation des interactions est un autre défi des systèmes d'édition collaborative. Le contrôle d'accès est l'un des modèles de politiques de sécurité applicable dans ce cadre. Il s'agit d'autoriser ou d'interdire l'édition à certains utilisateurs. Le contrôle d'accès doit être uniformément déployé pour éviter de compromettre la cohérence des opérations d'édition. Une opération d'édition valide sur un site doit l'être partout. Une opération refusée sur un site doit être refusée partout. Dans le contexte étudié, le protocole de sécurité est fiable s'il préserve la cohérence du système. Fournir cette preuve de fiabilité est une tâche ardue. Le nombre de cas à examiner est infini. De plus, pour une vérification automatique, le défaut de ressources survient si des techniques appropriées ne sont pas exploitées. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux défis que constituent la convergence et le contrôle d'accès dans les systèmes d'édition collaborative répartis. Nous considérons un objet textuel à structure linéaire qui est massivement édité dans une architecture répartie. L'approche de gestion de cohérence utilisée est la transformée opérationnelle. Ainsi, chaque utilisateur a sa copie locale du document partagé. Les opérations générées sur un site sont aussitôt diffusées aux autres utilisateurs. Elles peuvent être exécutées dans un ordre quelconque. Les types d'opérations d'édition sont : l'insertion d'un caractère et la suppression de caractère. Nous intégrons également un protocole de contrôle d'accès à l'édition collaborative. Notre thèse se présente sous la forme de trois articles scientifiques, chacun traitant d'une problématique bien spécifique. Dans le premier article, nous abordons la problématique de la convergence. Nous avons adopté une démarche en plusieurs étapes. Une exploration a été initialement faite afin de vérifier s'il est possible d'avoir une fonction IT convergente. En utilisant la méthode de la synthèse de contrôleur et les automates de jeu, nos investigations ont révélé qu'aucune IT basée uniquement sur le caractère et la position ne peut garantir une convergence. L'identification des causes de divergence a permis d'amorcer la résolution du « problème de synthèse de contrôleur ». Ainsi, un troisième paramètre a été ajouté aux opérations d'insertion. Il permet de manipuler le nombre de caractères supprimés avant la position d'insertion indiquée. Une fonction de détermination de la valeur de ce paramètre a été proposée. Une fonction IT a été par la suite proposée, en tenant compte des propositions précédentes. En utilisant la vérification sur modèle (model-checking), la preuve a été apportée que notre IT garantit bien la convergence. Le deuxième article propose l'intégration d'un protocole de sécurité optimiste. L'article aborde la problématique de la fiabilité du protocole dans un espace d'états infini. Il est déployé au dessus de protocole de synchronisation du système d'édition collaborative. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que le système vérifie la propriété de cohérence en l'absence du contrôle d'accès. Pour affronter les difficultés relatives à la preuve de fiabilité, l'approche du model-checking symbolique a été préférée. Le model-checking borné a été utilisé avec l'outil Alloy. L'exploration faite pour des instances dont la taille maximale est de treize « signatures », a permis de conclure la préservation de la cohérence par le protocole de contrôle d'accès. Notons que ces instances ne sont pas massives mais la combinatoire résultante n'est pas négligeable. Le troisième article aborde la problématique de réduction de système. Des investigations ont été menées afin d'avoir un modèle fini équivalent au système d'édition collaborative, au regard de la propriété de cohérence. Le modèle abstrait proposé comporte trois sites coopératifs, dont l'un est administrateur. Ce modèle à espace d'états fini étant prouvé équivalent par rapport à la propriété de cohérence, au système à espace d'états infini, il a servi de cadre pour la vérification automatique. En utilisant l'outil Uppaal et le formalisme d'automate, nous avons prouvé par model-checking que le modèle abstrait préserve la cohérence. Par conséquent, le protocole de contrôle d'accès préserve la cohérence de système d'édition collaborative. Nos travaux comportent quelques limitations liées à leur portée. Nous avons manipulé des objets textuels à structure linéaire sur lesquels ne sont appliquées que des opérations d'insertion et de suppression de caractères. De plus, la gestion des droits d'accès est basée sur un modèle mono-administrateur. La performance du protocole de contrôle d'accès n'a pas non plus été prise en compte. Les travaux auraient sans doute plus d'envergure s'ils couvraient plusieurs types d'objets, plusieurs types d'opérations d'édition, plusieurs administrateurs et une étude de performance. Nos futures travaux pourraient être consacrés à l'élargissement de la portée de la présente thèse.----------ABSTRACT The consistency of the shared documents is one of the most important challenges in collaborative editing systems. To achieve consistency, a solution must ensure the convergence criteria. Several solutions are proposed in litterature to achieve consistency of the shared documents. The major approaches are: commutative replicated data type (CRDT) and operational transformation (OT). CRDT considers some commutative operations which could be executed in different order. The main difficulty of CRDT is to compute commutative operations. OT approach proposes to transform remote operations against their concurrent operations, even if they are already executed. An inclusive transformation function is used to compute the transformations. In the litterature, several works show that the main inclusive transformation (IT) functions proposed do not ensure convergence. Besides consistency, security of the edition is another challenge in distributed collaborative systems. Access control is a model of security policy that could be used. It consists of granting or revoking editing authorizations for users. Access control must be uniformly deployed to not compromise the consistency of the system. A valid editing operation at one site must be valid at all other sites. As the same time, an invalid operation at one site, must be invalid everywhere. In the current context, the security protocol is reliable if it preserves the consistency of the system. Produce the proof of reliability is difficult. It requires examining infinite number of cases. In addition, with automatic verification, ressources become insufficient if appropriate techniques are not used. This thesis is interested in consistency and access control challenges in distributed collaborative editing systems. It considers a textual object with a linear structure that is massively edited in a distributed architecture. OT is used to manage consistency. Each user has a local copy of the shared document. Locally-generated operations are immediately broadcast to other users. Operations could be executed in any order. Their types are inserting and deleting characters. To ensure security, collaborative edition is combined with an access control protocol. The thesis consists of three scientific articles. Each of them deals with a specific problem. In the first article, we adress the problem of consistency and proceed in several steps. Initially, we explore the existence of convergent IT functions of OT, which ensure data consistency. Using the controller synthesis approach and game automata, we conclude that there is no IT function, based only on character and position as parameters of insert and delete operations, which ensure data consistency. The investigation of the causes of divergence led to solve the controller synthesis problem. Thus, a new parameter is added to the insert operation signature. It handles the number of characters deleted before the inserting position. The function needed to compute the value of this parameter is provided. Finally, based on these contributions, we propose an IT function and show that it ensures convergence. The proof is achieved by a symbolic model-checking emulated using the tool Uppaal. The second article adresses the reliability of security protocol in an infinite state space. An optimist access control protocol is considered to be deployed over any correct synchronization protocol. The symbolic model-checking approach is choosen to deal with the proof of reliabi--lity. For this purpose, bounded model-checking is used with the tool Alloy. Exploration made with instances whose maximum size is thirteen allow to conclude the preservation of consistency by the access control protocol. These instances are not massive but the resulting combinatorial is important. The third article adresses the problem of system reduction. In this article, we investigate a finite model equivalent to a distributed collaborative editing system, with regard to consistency. The abstract model proposed consists of three cooperative sites including the administrator. This finite state model is proved by model-checking to preserve consistency. Consequently, the access control protocol preserves consistency of any correct distributed collaborative editing system. The model-checking techniques exploits Uppaal tool and automata. Our work has several limitations. We consider textual objects with linear structure. These objects are edited by applying some operations which are inserting and deleting characters. In addition, the management of access rights is based on one-administrator model. The performance study of the access control protocol is not done. The work would probably be more extensive if it covered several types of objects, several types of editing operations, many administrators and the performance study. Our future work could be devoted to the widening of the scope of this thesis

Supporting the information systems requirements of distributed healthcare teams

The adoption of a patient-centric approach to healthcare delivery in the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has led to changing requirements for information systems supporting the work of health and care practitioners. In particular, the patient-centric approach emphasises teamwork and cross-boundary coordination and collaboration. Although a great deal of both time and money has been invested in modernising healthcare information systems, they do not yet meet the requirements of patient-centric work. Current proposals for meeting these needs focus on providing cross-boundary information access in the form of an integrated Electronic Patient Record (EPR). This research considers the requirements that are likely to remain unmet after an integrated EPR is in place and how to meet these. Because the patient-centric approach emphasises teamwork, a conceptual model which uses care team meta-data to track and manage team members and professional roles is proposed as a means to meet this broader range of requirements. The model is supported by a proof of concept prototype which leverages team information to provide tailored information access, targeted notifications and alerts, and patient and team management functionality. Although some concerns were raised regarding implementation, the proposal was met with enthusiasm by both clinicians and developers during evaluation. However, the area of need is broad and there is still a great deal of work to be done if this work is to be taken forward.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Impact of access control and copyright in e-learning from user’s perspective in the United Kingdom

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThe widespread adoption of E-Learning has largely been driven by the recommendations of educational technologists seeking to convey the benefits of E-Learning as a valuable accessory to teaching and possible solution for distance-based education. Research in the E-Learning domain has mainly focused on providing and delivering content andinfrastructure. Security issues are usually not taken as central concern in most implementations either because systems are usually deployed in controlled environments, or because they take the one-to-one tutoring approach, not requiring strict security measures. The scope of this research work is to investigate the impact of Access Control and Copyright in E-Learning system. An extensive literature review, theories from the field of information systems, psychology and cognitive sciences, distance and online learning, as well as existing E-Learning models show that research in E-learning is still hardly concerned with the issues of security. It is obvious that E-learning receives a new meaning as technology advances and business strategies change. The trends of learning methods have also led to the adjustment of National Curriculum and standards. However, research has also shown that any strategy or development supported by the Internet requires security and is therefore faced with challenges. This thesis is divided into six Chapters. Chapter 1 sets the scene for the research rationale and hypotheses, and identifies the aims and objectives. Chapter 2 presents the theoretical background and literature review. Chapter 3 is an in-depth review of the methods and methodology with clear justification of their adaptation and explains the underlying principles. Chapter 4 is based on the results and limitations obtained from the six case studies observations supported with literature review and ten existing models, while Chapter 5 is focused on the questionnaire survey. Chapter 6 describes the proposed Dynamic E-Learning Access Control and Copyright Framework (DEACCF) and the mapping of the threats from the Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) Risk Analysis and Management Method (CRAMM) to Annualised Loss Expectancy (ALE). Chapter 7 presents the conclusions and recommendations, and the contribution to knowledge with further development plans for future work

Supporting the information systems requirements of distributed healthcare teams

The adoption of a patient-centric approach to healthcare delivery in the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has led to changing requirements for information systems supporting the work of health and care practitioners. In particular, the patient-centric approach emphasises teamwork and cross-boundary coordination and collaboration. Although a great deal of both time and money has been invested in modernising healthcare information systems, they do not yet meet the requirements of patient-centric work. Current proposals for meeting these needs focus on providing cross-boundary information access in the form of an integrated Electronic Patient Record (EPR). This research considers the requirements that are likely to remain unmet after an integrated EPR is in place and how to meet these. Because the patient-centric approach emphasises teamwork, a conceptual model which uses care team meta-data to track and manage team members and professional roles is proposed as a means to meet this broader range of requirements. The model is supported by a proof of concept prototype which leverages team information to provide tailored information access, targeted notifications and alerts, and patient and team management functionality. Although some concerns were raised regarding implementation, the proposal was met with enthusiasm by both clinicians and developers during evaluation. However, the area of need is broad and there is still a great deal of work to be done if this work is to be taken forward