14,177 research outputs found
News in an era of content confusion: effects of news use motivations and context on native advertising and digital news perceptions
This study examined the effects of differing native advertising framing contexts (hard versus soft news) and individualsâ news use motivations on ability to perceive commercialized content, evaluations of native advertising, and ensuing digital news perceptions. Based upon the framework of the persuasion knowledge model, an online experiment was conducted among a sample of U.S. adults (N = 684). When revealed as advertising, people were more likely to perceive the hard news rather than the soft news framing as commercial in nature. Furthermore, hard news approaches to native advertising were perceived unfavorably by audiences and tarnished the subsequent reporting of actual journalists.Accepted manuscrip
Recommended from our members
Migrating eastern North Pacific gray whale call and blow rates estimated from acoustic recordings, infrared camera video, and visual sightings.
During the eastern North Pacific gray whale 2014-2015 southbound migration, acoustic call recordings, infrared blow detections, and visual sightings were combined to estimate cue rates, needed to convert detections into abundance. The gray whale acoustic call rate ranged from 2.3-24 calls/whale/day during the peak of the southbound migration with an average of 7.5 calls/whale/day over both the southbound and northbound migrations. The average daily calling rate increased between 30 December-13 February. With a call rate model, we estimated that 4,340 gray whales migrated south before visual observations began on 30 December, which is 2,829 more gray whales than used in the visual estimate, and would add approximately 10% to the abundance estimate. We suggest that visual observers increase their survey effort to all of December to document gray whale presence. The infrared camera blow rate averaged 49 blows/whale/hour over 5-8 January. Probability of detection of a whale blow by the infrared camera was the same at night as during the day. However, probability of detection decreased beyond 2.1 km offshore, whereas visual sightings revealed consistent whale densities up to 3 km offshore. We suggest that future infrared camera surveys use multiple cameras optimised for different ranges offshore
A dynamical and kinematical model of the Galactic stellar halo and possible implications for galaxy formation scenarios
We re-analyse the kinematics of the system of blue horizontal branch field
(BHBF) stars in the Galactic halo (in particular the outer halo), fitting the
kinematics with the model of radial and tangential velocity dispersions in the
halo as a function of galactocentric distance r proposed by Sommer-Larsen,
Flynn & Christensen (1994), using a much larger sample (almost 700) of BHBF
stars. The basic result is that the character of the stellar halo velocity
ellipsoid changes markedly from radial anisotropy at the sun to tangential
anisotropy in the outer parts of the Galactic halo (r greater than approx 20
kpc). Specifically, the radial component of the stellar halo's velocity
ellipsoid decreases fairly rapidly beyond the solar circle, from approx 140 +/-
10 km/s at the sun, to an asymptotic value of 89 +/- 19 km/s at large r. The
rapid decrease in the radial velocity dispersion is matched by an increase in
the tangential velocity dispersion, with increasing r.
Our results may indicate that the Galaxy formed hierarchically (partly or
fully) through merging of smaller subsystems - the 'bottom-up' galaxy formation
scenario, which for quite a while has been favoured by most theorists and
recently also has been given some observational credibility by HST observations
of a potential group of small galaxies, at high redshift, possibly in the
process of merging to a larger galaxy (Pascarelle et al 1996).Comment: Latex, 16 pages. 2 postscript figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical
Journal. also available at http://astro.utu.fi/~cflynn/outerhalo.htm
Robust Cosmological Bounds on Neutrinos and their Combination with Oscillation Results
We perform a global analysis of cosmological observables in generalized
cosmologies which depart from CDM models by allowing non-vanishing
curvature , dark energy with equation of state with , the presence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom , and neutrino masses . By combining the data from
cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (in particular the latest results
from WMAP-7), the present day Hubble constant (H0) measurement, the
high-redshift Type-I supernovae (SN) results and the information from large
scale structure (LSS) surveys, we determine the parameters in the
10-dimensional parameter space for such models. We present the results from the
analysis when the full shape information from the LSS matter power spectrum
(LSSPS) is included versus when only the corresponding distance measurement
from the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) is accounted for. We compare the
bounds on the neutrino mass scale in these generalized scenarios with those
obtained for the 6+1 parameter analysis in models and
we also study the dependence of those on the set of observables included in the
analysis. Finally we combine these results with the information on neutrino
mass differences and mixing from the global analysis of neutrino oscillation
experiments and derive the presently allowed ranges for the two laboratory
probes of the absolute scale of neutrino mass: the effective electron neutrino
mass in single beta decay and the effective Majorana neutrino mass in
neutrinoless decay.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Acknowledgments correcte
Electricity from photovoltaic solar cells: Flat-Plate Solar Array Project final report. Volume VI: Engineering sciences and reliability
The Flat-Plate Solar Array (FSA) Project, funded by the U.S. Government and managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, was formed in 1975 to develop the module/array technology needed to attain widespread terrestrial use of photovoltaics by 1985. To accomplish this, the FSA Project established and managed an Industry, University, and Federal Government Team to perform the needed research and development.
This volume of the series of final reports documenting the FSA Project deals with the Project's activities directed at developing the engineering technology base required to achieve modules that meet the functional, safety and reliability requirements of large-scale terrestrial photovoltaic systems applications. These activities included: (1) development of functional, safety, and reliability requirements for such applications; (2) development of the engineering analytical approaches, test techniques, and design solutions required to meet the requirements; (3) synthesis and procurement of candidate designs for test and evaluation; and (4) performance of extensive testing, evaluation, and failure analysis to define design shortfalls and, thus, areas requiring additional research and development.
During the life of the FSA Project, these activities were known by and included a variety of evolving organizational titles: Design and Test, Large-Scale Procurements, Engineering, Engineering Sciences, Operations, Module Performance and Failure Analysis, and at the end of the Project, Reliability and Engineering Sciences.
This volume provides both a summary of the approach and technical outcome of these activities and provides a complete Bibliography (Appendix A) of the published documentation covering the detailed accomplishments and technologies developed
Evidence for dust accumulation just outside the orbit of Venus
To contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of interplanetary dust we are
searching for structures in the spatial distribution of interplanetary dust
near the orbit of Venus. To this end we study the radial gradient of zodiacal
light brightness, as observed by the zodiacal light photometer on board the
Helios space probes on several orbits from 1975 to 1979. The cleanest data
result from Helios B (= Helios 2) launched in January 1976. With respect to the
general increase of zodiacal light brightness towards the Sun, the data show an
excess brightness of a few percent for positions of the Helios space probe just
outside the orbit of Venus. We consider this as evidence for a dust ring
associated with the orbit of Venus, somewhat similar to that found earlier
along the Earth's orbit.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, Astronomy&Astrophysics, accepte
How predictable is technological progress?
Recently it has become clear that many technologies follow a generalized
version of Moore's law, i.e. costs tend to drop exponentially, at different
rates that depend on the technology. Here we formulate Moore's law as a
correlated geometric random walk with drift, and apply it to historical data on
53 technologies. We derive a closed form expression approximating the
distribution of forecast errors as a function of time. Based on hind-casting
experiments we show that this works well, making it possible to collapse the
forecast errors for many different technologies at different time horizons onto
the same universal distribution. This is valuable because it allows us to make
forecasts for any given technology with a clear understanding of the quality of
the forecasts. As a practical demonstration we make distributional forecasts at
different time horizons for solar photovoltaic modules, and show how our method
can be used to estimate the probability that a given technology will outperform
another technology at a given point in the future
- âŚ