Distributed Computing and its Scope in Defence Applications

Distributed computing is one of the paradigms in the world of information technology. Middleware is the essential tool for implementing distributed computing for overtaking theheterogeneity of platform and language. DRDO’s intranet, DRONA, has the potential of hosting distributed applications across the network. This paper deals with the essentials of distributed computing, architecture of DRONA network, and the scope of distributed computing in Defence applications. It also suggests a few possible applications of distributed computing

Evaluation of the effectiveness of English language teaching in English language institutes in Mardan

AbstractThe scope of English language is widening day by day. There are various English language institutes working in Mardan city. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the course content, class activities and adopted teaching methods in these language institutes. For this purpose, we distributed questionnaires among 76 students of different language institutes seeking their perception regarding the courses. We came to know that the courses were least effective due to the teachers’ ineptness, their focusing more on the content than on the students’ needs, and because of the unavailability of the proper resources for effective language practices at the institutes. However, some of the students at these institutes were found quite satisfied with their improvement in accent and pronunciation. As a whole, the language institutes in Mardan need to do a thorough overhauling of their practices to help students’ achieve their language goals satisfactorily

Smart registration in Blockchain using zk-SNARKs

Smart registration in blockchain using zk-SNARKsEnsuring privacy in public blockchains is a challenge and a necessity for the success of distributed applications also known as Web3 applications. The cryptographic protocols that allow the implementation of privacy are the Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and this is the scope of this work. In particular, this Thesis analyzes in detail the Pinocchio/- Groth16 protocol, which is a type of zero knowledge Succinct Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARK). Then, we use an implementation of this protocol that uses a new programming language called circom which, together with JavaScript libraries, allows the user to validate circuit-based computations while keeping private some of the inputs. Different circuits are described and tested to prove that the privacy requirements of a distributed application can be met using the Pinocchio/Groth16 protocol

Integrating Logic Rules with Everything Else, Seamlessly

This paper presents a language, Alda, that supports all of logic rules, sets, functions, updates, and objects as seamlessly integrated built-ins. The key idea is to support predicates in rules as set-valued variables that can be used and updated in any scope, and support queries using rules as either explicit or implicit automatic calls to an inference function. We have defined a formal semantics of the language, implemented a prototype compiler that builds on an object-oriented language that supports concurrent and distributed programming and on an efficient logic rule system, and successfully used the language and implementation on benchmarks and problems from a wide variety of application domains. We describe the compilation method and results of experimental evaluation.Comment: To be published in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, Special issue for selected papers from 39nd International Conference on Logic Programming. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2205.1520

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis

The uniform information density (UID) hypothesis posits a preference among language users for utterances structured such that information is distributed uniformly across a signal. While its implications on language production have been well explored, the hypothesis potentially makes predictions about language comprehension and linguistic acceptability as well. Further, it is unclear how uniformity in a linguistic signal -- or lack thereof -- should be measured, and over which linguistic unit, e.g., the sentence or language level, this uniformity should hold. Here we investigate these facets of the UID hypothesis using reading time and acceptability data. While our reading time results are generally consistent with previous work, they are also consistent with a weakly super-linear effect of surprisal, which would be compatible with UID's predictions. For acceptability judgments, we find clearer evidence that non-uniformity in information density is predictive of lower acceptability. We then explore multiple operationalizations of UID, motivated by different interpretations of the original hypothesis, and analyze the scope over which the pressure towards uniformity is exerted. The explanatory power of a subset of the proposed operationalizations suggests that the strongest trend may be a regression towards a mean surprisal across the language, rather than the phrase, sentence, or document -- a finding that supports a typical interpretation of UID, namely that it is the byproduct of language users maximizing the use of a (hypothetical) communication channel

The prevalence of pedagogy-related research in applied linguistics:extending the debate

In this article, we respond to the special issue ‘Definitions for Applied Linguistics’, where the past and future of applied linguistics are discussed, and the place of pedagogy in the field’s scope is debated. In the issue, Hellermann (2015) uses data from 1980 to 1984 and 2009 to 2013 to show a shift in the field towards an emerging range of language-related problems, coupled with the declining prominence of pedagogy-related research in the journal. In this article, we extend Hellerman’s work to investigate whether this trend is reflective of other published work in applied linguistics. In our investigation, 336 research papers published in 2015 were analysed from 10 self-identified applied linguistics journals. Data revealed language-pedagogy-related studies constituted 32 per cent of all empirical research, although this representation was unevenly distributed across the journals. Findings suggest a number of practice-oriented journals now take the lion’s share of pedagogical research, allowing other key applied linguistics journals to focus on a diverse range of non-pedagogy-related language problems. Nevertheless, in general, pedagogy remains a key topic in the field

Leveraging Ada 2012 and SPARK 2014 for assessing generated code from AADL models

Modeling of Distributed Real-time Embedded systems using Architecture Description Language provides the foundations for various levels of analysis: scheduling, reliability, consis- tency, etc.; but also allows for automatic code generation. A challenge is to demonstrate that generated code matches quality required for safety-critical systems. In the scope of the AADL, the Ocarina toolchain proposes code generation towards the Ada Ravenscar profile with restrictions for High- Integrity. It has been extensively used in the space domain as part of the TASTE project within the European Space Agency. In this paper, we illustrate how the combined use of Ada 2012 and SPARK 2014 significantly increases code quality and exhibits absence of run-time errors at both run-time and generated code levels

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA SLANG DI LINGKUNGAN MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI UPN VETERAN JAWA TIMUR

The digitalization era currently has a big role in affecting the development of language which we use for communication and the hallmark of a country. This study aims to determine the development of the Indonesian language used by students in the Industrial Engineering Department at UPN Veteran Jawa Timur. The method used in this research is through a qualitative approach with data collection through questionnaires distributed to students of the Industrial Engineering Department. The data obtained then will be analyzed by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that students of the Industrial Engineering Department generally use slang in everyday communication. The slang language used reflects the current dynamics of the Indonesian language which is affected by globalization, such as the influence of foreign languages ​​and social media. In addition, this study also found that slang was used with the aim of creating a relaxed atmosphere and an intimate impression in their relationships. Suggestions that researchers can give from the research results are for Industrial Engineering students, the results of this study can be used to increase student awareness regarding the use of good and correct Indonesian. Students need to maintain good Indonesian language skills and be able to express opinions clearly and effectively in a variety of situations. For other researchers, this research can be developed in the environment of students of other departments or in a wider scope. This will provide a deeper understanding of how the Indonesian language has developed over time