19,392 research outputs found
Neutrality and Many-Valued Logics
In this book, we consider various many-valued logics: standard, linear,
hyperbolic, parabolic, non-Archimedean, p-adic, interval, neutrosophic, etc. We
survey also results which show the tree different proof-theoretic frameworks
for many-valued logics, e.g. frameworks of the following deductive calculi:
Hilbert's style, sequent, and hypersequent. We present a general way that
allows to construct systematically analytic calculi for a large family of
non-Archimedean many-valued logics: hyperrational-valued, hyperreal-valued, and
p-adic valued logics characterized by a special format of semantics with an
appropriate rejection of Archimedes' axiom. These logics are built as different
extensions of standard many-valued logics (namely, Lukasiewicz's, Goedel's,
Product, and Post's logics). The informal sense of Archimedes' axiom is that
anything can be measured by a ruler. Also logical multiple-validity without
Archimedes' axiom consists in that the set of truth values is infinite and it
is not well-founded and well-ordered. On the base of non-Archimedean valued
logics, we construct non-Archimedean valued interval neutrosophic logic INL by
which we can describe neutrality phenomena.Comment: 119 page
Enumeration and Asymptotic Formulas for Rectangular Partitions of the Hypercube
We study a two-parameter generalization of the Catalan numbers:
is the number of ways to subdivide the -dimensional hypercube into
rectangular blocks using orthogonal partitions of fixed arity . Bremner \&
Dotsenko introduced in their work on Boardman--Vogt tensor
products of operads; they used homological algebra to prove a recursive formula
and a functional equation. We express as simple finite sums, and
determine their growth rate and asymptotic behaviour. We give an elementary
proof of the functional equation, using a bijection between hypercube
decompositions and a family of full -ary trees. Our results generalize the
well-known correspondence between Catalan numbers and full binary trees
A dynamical point of view on the set of B-free integers
We extend the study of the square-free flow, recently introduced by Sarnak,
to the more general context of B-free integers, that is to say integers with no
factor in a given family B of pairwise relatively prime integers, the sum of
whose reciprocals is finite. Relying on dynamical arguments, we prove in
particular that the distribution of patterns in the characteristic function of
the B-free integers follows a shift-invariant probability measure, and gives
rise to a measurable dynamical system isomorphic to a specific minimal rotation
on a compact group. As a by-product, we get the abundance of twin B-free
integers. Moreover, we show that the distribution of patterns in small
intervals also conforms to the same measure. When elements of B are squares, we
introduce a generalization of the M\"obius function, and discuss a conjecture
of Chowla in this broader context
A Survey on Fixed Divisors
In this article, we compile the work done by various mathematicians on the
topic of the fixed divisor of a polynomial. This article explains most of the
results concisely and is intended to be an exhaustive survey. We present the
results on fixed divisors in various algebraic settings as well as the
applications of fixed divisors to various algebraic and number theoretic
problems. The work is presented in an orderly fashion so as to start from the
simplest case of progressively leading up to the case of Dedekind
domains. We also ask a few open questions according to their context, which may
give impetus to the reader to work further in this direction. We describe
various bounds for fixed divisors as well as the connection of fixed divisors
with different notions in the ring of integer-valued polynomials. Finally, we
suggest how the generalization of the ring of integer-valued polynomials in the
case of the ring of matrices over (or Dedekind domain) could
lead to the generalization of fixed divisors in that setting.Comment: Accepted for publication in Confluentes Mathematic
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