29,312 research outputs found
A Comprehensive Survey on Networking over TV White Spaces
The 2008 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) ruling in the United States
opened up new opportunities for unlicensed operation in the TV white space
spectrum. Networking protocols over the TV white spaces promise to subdue the
shortcomings of existing short-range multi-hop wireless architectures and
protocols by offering more availability, wider bandwidth, and longer-range
communication. The TV white space protocols are the enabling technologies for
sensing and monitoring, Internet-of-Things (IoT), wireless broadband access,
real-time, smart and connected community, and smart utility applications. In
this paper, we perform a retrospective review of the protocols that have been
built over the last decade and also the new challenges and the directions for
future work. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive
survey to present and compare existing networking protocols over the TV white
spaces.Comment: 19 page
Empire State\u27s Cultural Capital at Risk? Assessing Challenges to the Workforce and Educational Infrastructure of Arts and Entertainment in New York
New York State is a world center for the arts and entertainment industry and its vast and uniquely diversified workforce is its main competitive advantage. Commissioned by the New York Empire State Development Corporation, this report examines the strengths and the challenges facing this industry and its workforce in the state, providing an assessment of the education and training infrastructure that supports this vital industry, and identifying issues that offer a potential role for public and private policy
Building Programmable Wireless Networks: An Architectural Survey
In recent times, there have been a lot of efforts for improving the ossified
Internet architecture in a bid to sustain unstinted growth and innovation. A
major reason for the perceived architectural ossification is the lack of
ability to program the network as a system. This situation has resulted partly
from historical decisions in the original Internet design which emphasized
decentralized network operations through co-located data and control planes on
each network device. The situation for wireless networks is no different
resulting in a lot of complexity and a plethora of largely incompatible
wireless technologies. The emergence of "programmable wireless networks", that
allow greater flexibility, ease of management and configurability, is a step in
the right direction to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the wireless
networks. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of the architectures
proposed in literature for building programmable wireless networks focusing
primarily on three popular techniques, i.e., software defined networks,
cognitive radio networks, and virtualized networks. This survey is a
self-contained tutorial on these techniques and its applications. We also
discuss the opportunities and challenges in building next-generation
programmable wireless networks and identify open research issues and future
research directions.Comment: 19 page
Feasibility, Architecture and Cost Considerations of Using TVWS for Rural Internet Access in 5G
The cellular technology is mostly an urban technology that has been unable to serve rural areas well. This is because the traditional cellular models are not economical for areas with low user density and lesser revenues. In 5G cellular networks, the coverage dilemma is likely to remain the same, thus widening the rural-urban digital divide further. It is about time to identify the root cause that has hindered the rural technology growth and analyse the possible options in 5G architecture to address this issue. We advocate that it can only be accomplished in two phases by sequentially addressing economic viability followed by performance progression. We deliberate how various works in literature focus on the later stage of this ‘two-phase’ problem and are not feasible to implement in the first place. We propose the concept of TV band white space (TVWS) dovetailed with 5G infrastructure for rural coverage and show that it can yield cost-effectiveness from a service provider’s perspective
Spectrum Trading: An Abstracted Bibliography
This document contains a bibliographic list of major papers on spectrum
trading and their abstracts. The aim of the list is to offer researchers
entering this field a fast panorama of the current literature. The list is
continually updated on the webpage
\url{http://www.disp.uniroma2.it/users/naldi/Ricspt.html}. Omissions and papers
suggested for inclusion may be pointed out to the authors through e-mail
(\textit{[email protected]})
From Sensing to Predictions and Database Technique: A Review of TV White Space Information Acquisition in Cognitive Radio Networks
Strategies to acquire white space information is the single most significant
functionality in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) and as such, it has gone some evolution
to enhance information accuracy. The evolution trends are spectrum sensing, prediction
algorithm and recently, geo-location database technique. Previously, spectrum sensing was
the main technique for detecting the presence/absence of a primary user (PU) signal in a
given radio frequency (RF) spectrum. However, this expectation could not materialized as
a result of numerous technical challenges ranging from hardware imperfections to RF
signal impairments. To convey the evolutionary trends in the development of white space
information, we present a survey of the contemporary advancements in PU detection with
emphasis on the practical deployment of CRNs i.e. Television white space (TVWS) networks.
It is found that geo-location database is the most reliable technique to acquire
TVWS information although, it is financially driven. Finally, using financially driven
database model, this study compared the data-rate and spectral efficiency of FCC and
Ofcom TV channelization. It was discovered that Ofcom TV channelization outperforms
FCC TV channelization as a result of having higher spectrum bandwidth. We proposed the
adoption of an all-inclusive TVWS information acquisition model as the future research
direction for TVWS information acquisition techniques
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