Levels of Interoperability in Coalition Systems

Systems of different command centers that are brought together in a coalition operation must have some level of interoperability in order to work together. Bares [2000] has introduced a formalism of three interoperability domains that describe the ability of the systems to define their own level of interoperability within the coalition by assessing their own and the other systems’ ability to interact on actions of the coalition. The lowest domain, interconnectivity, reflects the ability to exchange messages; this level must already have been achieved in order for the systems to participate in the coalition. The second domain, interoperability, reflects a system’s ability to identify what tasks it is able to interoperate on. The third level, intercooperability, indicates that all systems have the ability to evaluate all other systems in the coalition. By describing the interoperability domains in this manner, the domains represent increasing levels of awareness of each system’s own capabilities and those of the other systems; it represents the transition from exchanging data to exchanging knowledge. This research looks particularly at the interoperability level and the ability of systems to evaluate their own interoperability on the coalition’s actions by using Bares’ formalism of interoperability to assign actions to systems participating in the coalition

On the generation of variable structure distributed architectures for C3 systems

Cover title. "Paper to appear in Proc. 1989 Symposium on C2 Research, National Defense University, Washington, DC, June 1989."Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-21).Support provided by the Office of Naval Research. N00014-84-K-0519Jacques J. Demaël, Alexander H. Levis

Incorporating Heterogeneity in Command Center Interactions

One of the many complexities of multinational coalition operations stems from differences in culture, military procedures, and command and control processes between the cooperating command centers. These differences can influence the interactions between decision makers of different command centers and can affect the outcome of the coalition operation. A coalition model, composed of individual models of the five-stage interacting decision maker model, was used in a virtual experiment. The subjective parameters included in the decision maker model can be any attribute that characterizes the heterogeneity of the decision makers. In this case, the parameters of power distance and uncertainty avoidance were used, two of Hofstede\u27s (1991) cultural dimensions. The accuracy and timeliness of the coalition\u27s response was used to evaluate its performance as a function of heterogeneity. Including the presence of heterogeneity in the coalition model, through the use of subjective parameters, is the first step in formalizing the process for developing adaptive coalition architectures

On the generation of a variable structure airport surface traffic control system

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-24).Support provided by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. N00014-84-K-0519Jacques J. Demaël, Alexander H. Levis

A Model to Evaluate the Effect of Organizational Adaptation

When an organization’s output declines due to either internal changes or changes in its external environment, it needs to adapt. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different adaptation strategies on organizational per- formance, an organizational model composed of individual models of a five stage interacting decision maker was designed using an object oriented design approach and implemented as a Colored Petri net. The concept of entropy is used to calculate the total activity value, a surrogate for decision maker workload, based on the functional partition and the adaptation strategy being implemented. The individual decision maker’s total activity is monitored, as overloaded decision makers constrain organizational performance. A virtual experiment was conducted; organizations implementing local and global adaptation strategies were compared to a control organization with no adaptation. The level of tolerance of the organization, the workload limit based on the concept of the bounded rationality constraint, was used to determined when a decision maker was overloaded: the limiting effect of theworkload on performance. The timeliness of the organization’s responsewas used in order to evaluate organizational output as a function of adaptation strategy

Generation of architectures for distributed intelligence systems

Cover title. "Invited paper to appear in the Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE International Conference on Control and Applications (ICCON '89), Jerusalem, Israel, April 1989."Includes bibliographical references.Supported by the Office of Naval Research. N00014-84-K-0519Alexander H. Levis

Proceedings of Monterey Workshop 2001 Engineering Automation for Sofware Intensive System Integration

The 2001 Monterey Workshop on Engineering Automation for Software Intensive System Integration was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Army Research Office and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency. It is our pleasure to thank the workshop advisory and sponsors for their vision of a principled engineering solution for software and for their many-year tireless effort in supporting a series of workshops to bring everyone together.This workshop is the 8 in a series of International workshops. The workshop was held in Monterey Beach Hotel, Monterey, California during June 18-22, 2001. The general theme of the workshop has been to present and discuss research works that aims at increasing the practical impact of formal methods for software and systems engineering. The particular focus of this workshop was "Engineering Automation for Software Intensive System Integration". Previous workshops have been focused on issues including, "Real-time & Concurrent Systems", "Software Merging and Slicing", "Software Evolution", "Software Architecture", "Requirements Targeting Software" and "Modeling Software System Structures in a fastly moving scenario".Office of Naval ResearchAir Force Office of Scientific Research Army Research OfficeDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyApproved for public release, distribution unlimite

Petri net approaches for modeling, controlling, and validating flexible manufacturing systems

In this dissertation, we introduce the fundamental ideas and constructs of Petri net models such as ordinary, timed, colored, stochastic, control, and neural, and present some studies that emphasize Petri nets theories and applications as extended research fields that provide suitable platforms in modeling, controlling, validating, and evaluating concurrent systems, information systems, and a versatile dynamic system and manufacturing systems;We then suggest some of extensions that help make Petri nets useful for modeling and analyzing discrete event systems and manufacturing systems models based on the context of a versatile manufacturing system, and applies extended Petri nets models to several manufacturing systems such as an assembly cell, an Automated Palletized Conveyor System, and a tooling machine to show increased modeling power and efficient analysis methods;Finally, Validation methods are presented for these models and results of a performance analysis from a deterministic and stochastic model are used to reorganize and re-evaluate a manufacturing system in order to increase its flexibility

Analysis of the C2 system effectiveness using continous processing time

A typical command-control (C[superscript]2) system was modeled and analyzed for peace-time and war-time as Conflict-free Stochastic Timed Placed Petri Net. The decomposition of the model provides an easier method to formulate and to simulate system states. The procedures to evaluate time-related measures: system maximum throughput rate, measured by minimum average circuit processing rate achieved by the system; average cycle processing rate of a C[superscript]2 process, measured by the processing rate of the task circuit formed by a C[superscript]2 process; and the average system response time, measured by the average time elapsed for the system to perform an input were provided. Time and capacity constraints which are specific to characterize system behavior were addressed. The system effectiveness measures are represented and analyzed as a function of task processing time and capacity available to each process and the system. Hence, this makes it possible to analyze the system structure and thus modify the underlying system

C3I cooperative decision system simulation and optimization based on genetic algorithm for surface warship formation

The C3I cooperative decision system is the guarantee for combat capabilities of surface warship formations. At present, research on the C3I system simulation lays more emphasis on finding structural logic defects by executing the simulation model, lacking the application of intelligent optimization algorithms to optimize parameters in the system. In this paper, the cooperative decision-making process of surface warship formation defense system is studied. Meanwhile, modelling and optimization methods for cooperative decision system are proposed. Based on simulation models built on the ExtendSim platform, this paper optimizes the staffing strategy of decision makers based on the genetic algorithm, to improve the per capita decision efficiency. The optimized staffing strategy meets objectives and requirements. The research in this paper can provide a scientific and objective reference for relevant decision-makers and researchers