Web3.0 Security: Privacy Enhancing and Anonym Auditing in Blockchain-based Structures

The advent of Web 3.0, underpinned by blockchain technologies, promises to transform the internet's landscape by empowering individuals with decentralized control over their data. However, this evolution brings unique security challenges that need to be addressed. This paper explores these complexities, focusing on enhancing privacy and anonymous auditing within blockchain structures. We present the architecture of Web 3.0 based on the blockchain, providing a clear perspective on its workflow and security mechanisms. A security protocol for Web 3.0 systems, employing privacy-preserving techniques and anonymous auditing during runtime, is proposed. Key components of our solution include the integration of privacy-enhancing techniques and the utilization of Tor for anonymous auditing. We discuss related work and propose a framework that meets these new security requirements. Lastly, we offer an evaluation and comparison of our model to existing methods. This research contributes towards the foundational understanding of Web 3.0's secure structure and offers a pathway towards secure and privacy-preserving digital interactions in this novel internet landscape

Secure-Medishare: A Comprehensive Secure Medical Data-Sharing System Using Blockchain, Watermarking, Steganography, And Optimized Hybrid Cryptography

Medical data plays a crucial role in healthcare, enabling accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. However, the secure sharing of sensitive medical data and images remains a significant challenge. Existing techniques often fall short in terms of protecting data integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. To address these limitations, this paper introduces Secure-Medishare, a novel secure medical data-sharing system that integrates blockchain technology, watermarking, steganography, and enhanced cryptography. The proposed Secure-Medishare system aims to provide robust security mechanisms for medical data sharing. Unlike centralized systems, which are susceptible to single points of failure and unauthorized access, Secure-Medishare utilizes blockchain technology to ensure decentralized and tamper-resistant storage and sharing of medical data. Secure-Medishare employs watermarking for data integrity and authentication and steganography for confidential transmission of metadata, ensuring authenticity, privacy, and confidentiality of medical data. Furthermore, an optimized hybrid cryptography technique is implemented to secure the transmission and storage of medical data, safeguarding confidentiality and privacy. Secure-Medishare offers several advantages over existing techniques. It provides enhanced security and privacy protection, efficient data sharing and retrieval, and improved trust among healthcare providers. The system ensures the integrity and authenticity of medical data, preventing unauthorized modifications or tampering. Additionally, the decentralized nature of blockchain technology reduces the risk of data breaches and single points of failure. Experimental results show that Secure-Medishare generates hashes quickly, taking only 65 milliseconds for 100 blocks. Optimized hybrid cryptography used in Secure-Medishare also outperforms other cryptography combinations, with encryption and decryption times of 5.635 seconds for 96-bit data. These findings highlight the efficiency and effectiveness of Secure-Medishare for secure medical data and image sharing. The experimental evaluation confirms that Secure-Medishare is a reliable and robust solution for secure medical data sharing in healthcare environments

Trustworthy Federated Learning: A Survey

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a significant advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling collaborative model training across distributed devices while maintaining data privacy. As the importance of FL increases, addressing trustworthiness issues in its various aspects becomes crucial. In this survey, we provide an extensive overview of the current state of Trustworthy FL, exploring existing solutions and well-defined pillars relevant to Trustworthy . Despite the growth in literature on trustworthy centralized Machine Learning (ML)/Deep Learning (DL), further efforts are necessary to identify trustworthiness pillars and evaluation metrics specific to FL models, as well as to develop solutions for computing trustworthiness levels. We propose a taxonomy that encompasses three main pillars: Interpretability, Fairness, and Security & Privacy. Each pillar represents a dimension of trust, further broken down into different notions. Our survey covers trustworthiness challenges at every level in FL settings. We present a comprehensive architecture of Trustworthy FL, addressing the fundamental principles underlying the concept, and offer an in-depth analysis of trust assessment mechanisms. In conclusion, we identify key research challenges related to every aspect of Trustworthy FL and suggest future research directions. This comprehensive survey serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working on the development and implementation of Trustworthy FL systems, contributing to a more secure and reliable AI landscape.Comment: 45 Pages, 8 Figures, 9 Table

A Review of Blockchain Technology Based Techniques to Preserve Privacy and to Secure for Electronic Health Records

Research has been done to broaden the block chain’s use cases outside of finance since Bitcoin introduced it. One sector where block chain is anticipated to have a big influence is healthcare. Researchers and practitioners in health informatics constantly struggle to keep up with the advancement of this field's new but quickly expanding body of research. This paper provides a thorough analysis of recent studies looking into the application of block chain based technology within the healthcare sector. Electronic health records (EHRs) are becoming a crucial tool for health care practitioners in achieving these objectives and providing high-quality treatment. Technology and regulatory barriers, such as concerns about results and privacy issues, make it difficult to use these technologies. Despite the fact that a variety of efforts have been introduced to focus on the specific privacy and security needs of future applications with functional parameters, there is still a need for research into the application, security and privacy complexities, and requirements of block chain based healthcare applications, as well as possible security threats and countermeasures. The primary objective of this article is to determine how to safeguard electronic health records (EHRs) using block chain technology in healthcare applications. It discusses contemporary HyperLedgerfabrics techniques, Interplanar file storage systems with block chain capabilities, privacy preservation techniques for EHRs, and recommender systems

Data trust framework using blockchain and smart contracts

Lack of trust is the main barrier preventing more widespread data sharing. The lack of transparent and reliable infrastructure for data sharing prevents many data owners from sharing their data. Data trust is a paradigm that facilitates data sharing by forcing data controllers to be transparent about the process of sharing and reusing data. Blockchain technology has the potential to present the essential properties for creating a practical and secure data trust framework by transforming current auditing practices and automatic enforcement of smart contracts logic without relying on intermediaries to establish trust. Blockchain holds an enormous potential to remove the barriers of traditional centralized applications and propose a distributed and transparent administration by employing the involved parties to maintain consensus on the ledger. Furthermore, smart contracts are a programmable component that provides blockchain with more flexible and powerful capabilities. Recent advances in blockchain platforms toward smart contracts' development have revealed the possibility of implementing blockchain-based applications in various domains, such as health care, supply chain and digital identity. This dissertation investigates the blockchain's potential to present a framework for data trust. It starts with a comprehensive study of smart contracts as the main component of blockchain for developing decentralized data trust. Interrelated, three decentralized applications that address data sharing and access control problems in various fields, including healthcare data sharing, business process, and physical access control system, have been developed and examined. In addition, a general-purpose application based on an attribute-based access control model is proposed that can provide trusted auditability required for data sharing and access control systems and, ultimately, a data trust framework. Besides auditing, the system presents a transparency level that both access requesters (data users) and resource owners (data controllers) can benefit from. The proposed solutions have been validated through a use case of independent digital libraries. It also provides a detailed performance analysis of the system implementation. The performance results have been compared based on different consensus mechanisms and databases, indicating the system's high throughput and low latency. Finally, this dissertation presents an end-to-end data trust framework based on blockchain technology. The proposed framework promotes data trustworthiness by assessing input datasets, effectively managing access control, and presenting data provenance and activity monitoring. A trust assessment model that examines the trustworthiness of input data sets and calculates the trust value is presented. The number of transaction validators is defined adaptively with the trust value. This research provides solutions for both data owners and data users’ by ensuring the trustworthiness and quality of the data at origin and transparent and secure usage of the data at the end. A comprehensive experimental study indicates the presented system effectively handles a large number of transactions with low latency

Storage Security in Cloud Computing: Data Auditing Protocols

Cloud computing has emerged as a necessity for hosting data on cloud servers so that information can be accessed and shared remotely. It was quickly adopted because it provides quality of service for various remotely available, easy-to-configure, and easy-to- use products, such as IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) or PaaS (Platform as a Service). However, this new paradigm of data hosting brings new challenges. Some of the challenges related to the issue of security require independent audit services to verify the integrity of cloud-hosted data. With many end users and companies moving from on-premise to cloud models for their business, cloud data security is a critical concept that needs to be managed. First, we identify security requirements. Second, we look at potential solutions to ensure data integrity in cloud storage. Last, we propose a data auditing solution that can be used to detect corrupt data or file anomalies in the storage system

State-of-the-Art in Data Integrity and Privacy-Preserving in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing (CC) is a fast-growing technology that offers computers, networking, and storage services that can be accessed and used over the internet. Cloud services save users money because they are pay-per-use, and they save time because they are on-demand and elastic, a unique aspect of cloud computing. However, several security issues must be addressed before users store data in the cloud. Because the user will have no direct control over the data that has been outsourced to the cloud, particularly personal and sensitive data (health, finance, military, etc.), and will not know where the data is stored, the user must ensure that the cloud stores and maintains the outsourced data appropriately. The study's primary goals are to make the cloud and data security challenges more understandable, to briefly explain the techniques used to achieve privacy and data integrity, to compare various recent studies in both pre-quantum and post-quantum, and to focus on current gaps in solving privacy and data integrity issues

A Survey on Data Security in Cloud Computing Using Blockchain: Challenges, Existing-State-Of-The-Art Methods, And Future Directions

Cloud computing is one of the ruling storage solutions. However, the cloud computing centralized storage method is not stable. Blockchain, on the other hand, is a decentralized cloud storage system that ensures data security. Cloud environments are vulnerable to several attacks which compromise the basic confidentiality, integrity, availability, and security of the network. This research focus on decentralized, safe data storage, high data availability, and effective use of storage resources. To properly respond to the situation of the blockchain method, we have conducted a comprehensive survey of the most recent and promising blockchain state-of-the-art methods, the P2P network for data dissemination, hash functions for data authentication, and IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) protocol for data integrity. Furthermore, we have discussed a detailed comparison of consensus algorithms of Blockchain concerning security. Also, we have discussed the future of blockchain and cloud computing. The major focus of this study is to secure the data in Cloud computing using blockchain and ease for researchers for further research work

Research on the Development of Blockchain-based Distributed Intelligent Healthcare Industry -- A Policy Analysis Perspective

As a pivotal innovation in digital infrastructure, blockchain ledger technology catalyzes the development of nascent business paradigms and applications globally. Utilizing Rothwell and Zegveld's taxonomy of twelve innovation policy tools, this study offers a nuanced comparison of domestic blockchain policies, dissecting supply, environment, and demand-driven policy dimensions to distill prevailing strategic orientations towards blockchain healthcare adoption. The findings indicate that blockchain technology has seen rapid growth in the healthcare industry. However, a certain misalignment exists between the corporate and policy layers in terms of supply and demand. While companies focus more on technological applications, existing policies are geared towards regulations and governance. Government emphasis lies on legal supervision through environmental policies, aiming to guide the standardization and regulation of blockchain technology. This maintains a balance between encouraging innovation and market and legal regulatory order, thereby providing a reference for the development of the distributed intelligent healthcare industry in our country.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure