The development of speech coding and the first standard coder for public mobile telephony

This thesis describes in its core chapter (Chapter 4) the original algorithmic and design features of the ??rst coder for public mobile telephony, the GSM full-rate speech coder, as standardized in 1988. It has never been described in so much detail as presented here. The coder is put in a historical perspective by two preceding chapters on the history of speech production models and the development of speech coding techniques until the mid 1980s, respectively. In the epilogue a brief review is given of later developments in speech coding. The introductory Chapter 1 starts with some preliminaries. It is de- ??ned what speech coding is and the reader is introduced to speech coding standards and the standardization institutes which set them. Then, the attributes of a speech coder playing a role in standardization are explained. Subsequently, several applications of speech coders - including mobile telephony - will be discussed and the state of the art in speech coding will be illustrated on the basis of some worldwide recognized standards. Chapter 2 starts with a summary of the features of speech signals and their source, the human speech organ. Then, historical models of speech production which form the basis of di??erent kinds of modern speech coders are discussed. Starting with a review of ancient mechanical models, we will arrive at the electrical source-??lter model of the 1930s. Subsequently, the acoustic-tube models as they arose in the 1950s and 1960s are discussed. Finally the 1970s are reviewed which brought the discrete-time ??lter model on the basis of linear prediction. In a unique way the logical sequencing of these models is exposed, and the links are discussed. Whereas the historical models are discussed in a narrative style, the acoustic tube models and the linear prediction tech nique as applied to speech, are subject to more mathematical analysis in order to create a sound basis for the treatise of Chapter 4. This trend continues in Chapter 3, whenever instrumental in completing that basis. In Chapter 3 the reader is taken by the hand on a guided tour through time during which successive speech coding methods pass in review. In an original way special attention is paid to the evolutionary aspect. Speci??cally, for each newly proposed method it is discussed what it added to the known techniques of the time. After presenting the relevant predecessors starting with Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and the early vocoders of the 1930s, we will arrive at Residual-Excited Linear Predictive (RELP) coders, Analysis-by-Synthesis systems and Regular- Pulse Excitation in 1984. The latter forms the basis of the GSM full-rate coder. In Chapter 4, which constitutes the core of this thesis, explicit forms of Multi-Pulse Excited (MPE) and Regular-Pulse Excited (RPE) analysis-by-synthesis coding systems are developed. Starting from current pulse-amplitude computation methods in 1984, which included solving sets of equations (typically of order 10-16) two hundred times a second, several explicit-form designs are considered by which solving sets of equations in real time is avoided. Then, the design of a speci??c explicitform RPE coder and an associated eÆcient architecture are described. The explicit forms and the resulting architectural features have never been published in so much detail as presented here. Implementation of such a codec enabled real-time operation on a state-of-the-art singlechip digital signal processor of the time. This coder, at a bit rate of 13 kbit/s, has been selected as the Full-Rate GSM standard in 1988. Its performance is recapitulated. Chapter 5 is an epilogue brie y reviewing the major developments in speech coding technology after 1988. Many speech coding standards have been set, for mobile telephony as well as for other applications, since then. The chapter is concluded by an outlook

ANALYSIS OF LAND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WITH EMPHASIS ON POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN THE MARITIME VHF BAND

Uslijed porasta broja korisnika i intenzivnog korištenja frekvencijskog VHF područja javila se potreba za povećanjem njegova kapaciteta. Također, javljaju se i potrebe za novim vrstama usluga, kao što je prijenos podataka, što postojeći analogni sustavi ne mogu uspješno podržati. Stoga su u ovome radu analizirana obilježja relevantnih kopnenih digitalnih komunikacijskih sustava s ciljem utvrđivanja mogućnosti primjene u pomorstvu. Ključni parametri prema kojima je provedena analiza odabrani su na temelju pretpostavke o važnosti istovremenog postojanja analognog i digitalnog načina rada na susjednim kanalima i mogućnosti postepenog uvođenja novog sustava. Analogni način rada potreban je za obavljanje komunikacija pogibelji, hitnosti i sigurnosti zbog njegove robusnosti i rasprostranjenosti. Za moguću primjenu u pomorskom VHF području predloženi su oni sustavi koji postižu visoku spektralnu učinkovitost i koji se uklapaju u postojeće komunikacijske kanale, čime bi se olakšalo njihovo uvođenje.Due to the increase in the number of users and the intensive usage of maritime VHF band, there has been a need to increase the system capacity. Moreover, there is a need for new types of services, such as data transmission, which cannot be supported efficiently by the existing analog systems. Therefore, in this paper the characteristics of relevant land digital communication systems have been analyzed with the aim of identifying possibilities of maritime applications. The key parameters, under which the analysis was conducted, were selected on the basis of the assumption on the importance of coexistence of analog and digital modes of operation on adjacent channels and the possibility for gradual introduction of a new system. The analog mode of operation should be maintained to perform the distress, urgency and safety communications due to its robustness and distribution/prevalence. The systems that achieve high spectral efficiency and fit into the existing communication channels, which would facilitate their introduction, are proposed for the possible application in the maritime VHF band

Secure mobile radio communication over narrowband RF channel.

by Wong Chun Kau, Jolly.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88).ABSTRACT --- p.1ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.3Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7Chapter 1.1 --- Land Mobile Radio (LMR) CommunicationsChapter 1.2 --- Paramilitary Communications SecurityChapter 1.3 --- Voice Scrambling MethodsChapter 1.4 --- Digital Voice EncryptionChapter 1.5 --- Digital Secure LMRChapter 2. --- DESIGN GOALS --- p.20Chapter 2.1 --- System Concept and ConfigurationChapter 2.2 --- Operational RequirementsChapter 2.2.1 --- Operating conditionsChapter 2.2.2 --- Intelligibility and speech qualityChapter 2.2.3 --- Field coverage and transmission delayChapter 2.2.4 --- Reliability and maintenanceChapter 2.3 --- Functional RequirementsChapter 2.3.1 --- Major system featuresChapter 2.3.2 --- Cryptographic featuresChapter 2.3.3 --- Phone patch facilityChapter 2.3.4 --- Mobile data capabilityChapter 2.4 --- Bandwidth RequirementsChapter 2.5 --- Bit Error Rate RequirementsChapter 3. --- VOICE CODERS --- p.38Chapter 3.1 --- Digital Speech Coding MethodsChapter 3.1.1 --- Waveform codingChapter 3.1.2 --- Linear predictive codingChapter 3.1.3 --- Sub-band codingChapter 3.1.4 --- VocodersChapter 3.2 --- Performance EvaluationChapter 4. --- CRYPTOGRAPHIC CONCERNS --- p.52Chapter 4.1 --- Basic Concepts and CryptoanalysisChapter 4.2 --- Digital Encryption TechniquesChapter 4.3 --- Crypto SynchronizationChapter 4.3.1 --- Auto synchronizationChapter 4.3.2 --- Initial synchronizationChapter 4.3.3 --- Continuous synchronizationChapter 4.3.4 --- Hybrid synchronizationChapter 5. --- DIGITAL MODULATION --- p.63Chapter 5.1 --- Narrowband Channel RequirementsChapter 5.2 --- Narrowband Digital FMChapter 5.3 --- Performance EvaluationChapter 6. --- SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION --- p.71Chapter 6.1 --- Potential EMC ProblemsChapter 6.2 --- Frequency PlanningChapter 6.3 --- Key ManagementChapter 6.4 --- Potential Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ProblemsChapter 7. --- CONCLUSION --- p.80LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.81REFERENCES --- p.82APPENDICES --- p.89Chapter I. --- Path Propagation Loss(L) Vs Distance (d)Chapter II. --- Speech Quality Assessment Tests performedby Special Duties Unit (SDU

Proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1990)

Presented here are the proceedings of the Second International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC), held June 17-20, 1990 in Ottawa, Canada. Topics covered include future mobile satellite communications concepts, aeronautical applications, modulation and coding, propagation and experimental systems, mobile terminal equipment, network architecture and control, regulatory and policy considerations, vehicle antennas, and speech compression

Wireless communications in the new millennium and third generation wireless networks

At the end of the 20 century, and at the beginning of this one, wireless communications are making large advances. The new technologies are on the way to provide a high-speed, high-quality information exchange between handheld terminals, and information repositories. The so called 2,5 generation networks, using the techniques like the HSCSD1, GPRS2, EDGE3, and the 3r generation wireless systems will help the wireless world to reach those goals. In this thesis I will start from the first and second-generation wireless networks, and then look into the 2,5 generation and 3rd generation wireless communications more in detail. The latest advances in the wireless world are the main focus of this paper although a short history of wireless communications is also given. The various aspects related to 3rd generation systems will be explored in this thesis, for example the air interface discussions, its time scale, its elements like the mobile equipment, software and security, USLM4, services that will be offered, etc. In addition, the technical factors and key technologies that are likely to shape the wireless network environment of the future will be explored. This part is expected to help us to see beyond the 3rd generation

Multimedia in mobile networks: Streaming techniques, optimization and User Experience

1.UMTS overview and User Experience 2.Streaming Service & Streaming Platform 3.Quality of Service 4.Mpeg-4 5.Test Methodology & testing architecture 6.Conclusion