32 research outputs found
Basic concepts in social sciences II
In this paper an extension is given of the set of concepts considered to be basic to the fields of Economics, Organization Theory, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology. The modeling is in terms of automata and automata networks. In the first paper on basic concepts the simplest unit, the social atom, stood central. In this second paper social structures and processes are focused upon
Modeling inequality and spread in multiple regression
We consider concepts and models for measuring inequality in the distribution
of resources with a focus on how inequality varies as a function of covariates.
Lorenz introduced a device for measuring inequality in the distribution of
income that indicates how much the incomes below the u quantile fall
short of the egalitarian situation where everyone has the same income. Gini
introduced a summary measure of inequality that is the average over u of the
difference between the Lorenz curve and its values in the egalitarian case.
More generally, measures of inequality are useful for other response variables
in addition to income, e.g. wealth, sales, dividends, taxes, market share and
test scores. In this paper we show that a generalized van Zwet type dispersion
ordering for distributions of positive random variables induces an ordering on
the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient and other measures of inequality. We use
this result and distributional orderings based on transformations of
distributions to motivate parametric and semiparametric models whose regression
coefficients measure effects of covariates on inequality. In particular, we
extend a parametric Pareto regression model to a flexible semiparametric
regression model and give partial likelihood estimates of the regression
coefficients and a baseline distribution that can be used to construct
estimates of the various conditional measures of inequality.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000428 in the IMS
Lecture Notes--Monograph Series
(http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Classification of meetings and their participants
On the basis of a coding of utterances we investigate ways to classify participants of a meeting. On the basis of a coding of states of a meeting activities during meetings are classified
Basic concepts in social sciences III
In this paper the set of concepts considered to be basic to the fields of Economics, Organization Theory, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology is completed. The set of 55 basic concepts in the first two papers on basic concepts was mainly determined by considering concepts in relation to social atoms. The concepts that play a role in n-networks form the majority of the concepts added in this paper
Parameter Estimation of Social Forces in Crowd Dynamics Models via a Probabilistic Method
Focusing on a specific crowd dynamics situation, including real life
experiments and measurements, our paper targets a twofold aim: (1) we present a
Bayesian probabilistic method to estimate the value and the uncertainty (in the
form of a probability density function) of parameters in crowd dynamic models
from the experimental data; and (2) we introduce a fitness measure for the
models to classify a couple of model structures (forces) according to their
fitness to the experimental data, preparing the stage for a more general
model-selection and validation strategy inspired by probabilistic data
analysis. Finally, we review the essential aspects of our experimental setup
and measurement technique.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure
Autopoietic Theory as a Framework for Biometrics
Autopoietic theory which represents a framework for describing complex non-linear and especially living systems is described in a context of biometric characteristics. It is argued that any living system by performing an internal process of reproducing its structural components yields physical biometric characteristics. Likewise any living system when structurally coupling to another (eventually allopoietic) system yields a behavioral or psychological characteristic of the living system. It is shown
that any system that can be considered as autopoietic can potentially be measured, authenticated and/or identified using adequate biometric methods, and thus biometrics is applicable to any autopoietic system: living beings, groups of living beings, social systems, organizations as well as information systems. In the end implications of such a conceptualization are discussed as well as possible applications
A MPCC-NLP approach for an electric power market problem
The electric power market is changing - it has passed from a regulated market, where
the government of each country had the control of prices, to a deregulated market economy. Each company competes in order to get more clients and maximize its profits. This market is represented by a Stackelberg game with two firms, leader and follower, and the leader anticipates the reaction of the follower.
The problem is formulated as a Mathematical Program with Complementarity Constraints (MPCC). It is shown that the constraint qualifications usually assumed to prove convergence of standard algorithms fail to hold for MPCC. To circumvent this, a reformulation for a nonlinear problem (NLP) is proposed. Numerical tests using the NEOS server platform are presented