Thirty Years of Immigration Policy and Research

Volume 4 - Paper #61_61ThirtyYearsofImmigrationPolicy.pdf: 689 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Minnesota Agricultural Economist 689

Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,

The Government of Wales Act 2006: Welsh devolution still a process and not an event?

Following the Assembly Elections in May 2007 Wales moved into a new area in its devolutionary settlement with a change of government and new legislation - the Government of Wales Act 2006. The Act is designed to revise fundamentally the Government of Wales Act 1998. Critics at the time predicted that executive devolution would be unlikely to be stable and would lead to "catch up" devolution with more privileged nations such as Scotland. Hence the second phase of Welsh devolution in which a Westminster model of Government is introduced as well as enhanced legislative powers for the National Assembly for Wales, including powers for the Assembly to be given legislative competence by Order in Council to make law in certain of the devolved fields, as an interim stage towards achieving full legislative devolution following a referendum. This paper argues that the Government of Wales Act 2006 has not conclusively settled the constitutional issues of asymmetrical devolution, such as the distribution of power between London and Cardiff; the role of the Secretary of State; the clarity and transparency of Welsh governance; and the question of how long these interim arrangements will last before Wales gains legislative devolution.</p

Separating the BL Lac and Cluster X-ray Emissions in Abell 689 with Chandra

We present the results of a Chandra observation of the galaxy cluster Abell 689 (z=0.279). Abell 689 is one of the most luminous clusters detected in the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS), but was flagged as possibly including significant point source contamination. The small PSF of the Chandra telescope allows us to confirm this and separate the point source from the extended cluster X-ray emission. For the cluster we determine a bolometric luminosity of L_{bol}=(3.3+/-0.3)x10^{44} erg s-1 and a temperature of kT=5.1^{+2.2}_{-1.3} keV when including a physically motivated background model. We compare our measured luminosity for A689 to that quoted in the Rosat All Sky Survey (RASS) and find L_{0.1-2.4,keV}=2.8x10^{44} erg s-1, a value \sim10 times lower than the ROSAT measurement. Our analysis of the point source shows evidence for significant pileup, with a pile-up fraction of ~60%. SDSS spectra and HST images lead us to the conclusion that the point source within Abell 689 is a BL Lac object. Using radio and optical observations from the VLA and HST archives, we determine {\alpha}_{ro}=0.50, {\alpha}_{ox}=0.77 and {\alpha}_{rx}=0.58 for the BL Lac, which would classify it as being of 'High-energy peak BL Lac' (HBL) type. Spectra extracted of A689 show a hard X-ray excess at energies above 6 keV that we interpret as inverse Compton emission from aged electrons that may have been transported into the cluster from the BL Lac.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS in pres

Social Mobility in Latin America: A Review of Existing Evidence

This paper reviews evidence on social mobility in Latin America. Several studies have used data sets that collect intergenerational socio economic information. The data, though limited, suggest that social mobility is low in the region, even when compared with low social mobility developed countries like the United States and United Kingdom, with high levels of immobility at the lower and upper tails of the income distribution. While Latin America has improved education mobility in recent decades, which may have translated into higher mobility for younger cohorts, the region still presents, except for Chile, lower education mobility than in developed countries. The paper also reviews studies on the main determinants of the region’s low levels of social mobility, including social exclusion, low access to higher education, and labor market discrimination.Social mobility, Latin America, Inequality, Social Exclusion, Education

Representation of Finite Abelian Group Elements by Subsequence Sums

Let $G\cong C_{n_1}\oplus ... \oplus C_{n_r}$ be a finite and nontrivial abelian group with $n_1|n_2|...|n_r$. A conjecture of Hamidoune says that if $W=w_1... w_n$ is a sequence of integers, all but at most one relatively prime to $|G|$, and $S$ is a sequence over $G$ with $|S|\geq |W|+|G|-1\geq |G|+1$, the maximum multiplicity of $S$ at most $|W|$, and $\sigma(W)\equiv 0\mod |G|$, then there exists a nontrivial subgroup $H$ such that every element $g\in H$ can be represented as a weighted subsequence sum of the form $g=\sum_{i=1}^{n}w_is_i$, with $s_1... s_n$ a subsequence of $S$. We give two examples showing this does not hold in general, and characterize the counterexamples for large $|W|\geq {1/2}|G|$. A theorem of Gao, generalizing an older result of Olson, says that if $G$ is a finite abelian group, and $S$ is a sequence over $G$ with $|S|\geq |G|+D(G)-1$, then either every element of $G$ can be represented as a $|G|$-term subsequence sum from $S$, or there exists a coset $g+H$ such that all but at most $|G/H|-2$ terms of $S$ are from $g+H$. We establish some very special cases in a weighted analog of this theorem conjectured by Ordaz and Quiroz, and some partial conclusions in the remaining cases, which imply a recent result of Ordaz and Quiroz. This is done, in part, by extending a weighted setpartition theorem of Grynkiewicz, which we then use to also improve the previously mentioned result of Gao by showing that the hypothesis $|S|\geq |G|+D(G)-1$ can be relaxed to $|S|\geq |G|+d^*(G)$, where d^*(G)=\Sum_{i=1}^{r}(n_i-1). We also use this method to derive a variation on Hamidoune's conjecture valid when at least $d^*(G)$ of the $w_i$ are relatively prime to $|G|$

The Constitution and Capital Sentencing: Pursuing Justice and Equality

Equal Justice and The Death Penalty: A Legal and Empirical Analysis. By David C. Baldus, George Woodworth and Charles Pulaski, Jr. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1990. Pp. Vii, 689. $65.0

脳梗塞モデルラットにおける他家脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞シート移植は血管新生と神経再生によってモデル動物の神経機能を改善させる

博士(医学) 甲第689号(主論文の要旨、要約、審査結果の要旨)博士(医学)東京女子医科大