Flight investigation of installation effects on a wedge nozzle installed on an underwing nacelle

A flight research program was conducted using a modified F-106B aircraft with an underwing-nacelle - engine installation to investigate installation effects on a wedge nozzle with retracted shrouds from Mach 0.70 to 1.10. These configurations simulated the subsonic flight geometries of a variable-geometry wedge nozzle design for Mach 2.70 operation. The nozzle was tested with a J85-GE-13 turbojet engine, and data were compared with that of 0.34-scale isolated wind tunnel model. Data are also compared with the flight results of a boattail plug nozzle and a cylindrical nacelle plug nozzle. A favorable installation effect occurred from Mach 0.82 to 0.96 with a nominal 4-percent corrected secondary weight-flow ratio. This favorable effect resulted from changes in pressure forces on the nozzle surfaces. The wedge nozzle gross thrust coefficient was about the same as the boattail nacelle plug nozzle and 2.50 to 1.30 percent higher than the cylindrical nacelle plug nozzle over the subsonic Mach number range

Flight velocity effects on exhaust noise of a wedge nozzle installed on an underwing nacelle on an F-106 airplane

It is important to know whether the relatively high takeoff speeds of supersonic transport aircraft will change the exhaust noise levels of nozzles from those measured at static conditions. To gain some insight into this question, a modified F-106B aircraft was used to conduct flyover and static tests on a wedge nozzle. Flight velocity had an adverse effect on exhaust noise when compared with static results at the same relative jet velocity but a beneficial effect when compared with static results at the same absolute jet velocity. The wedge nozzle, which has a two-dimensional wedge surface rather than an axisymmetric plug surface, had a higher peak flyover noise level than the plug nozzle

Homeopathic products and homeopathic treatment in veterinary medicine in Republic of Slovenia

Doctors and veterinarians in many countries of the world have an opportunity to select between allopathic or homeopathic drugs. The selection of an appropriate method for medical treatment should be performed from the individual point of view.

The earnings losses of injured men: Accounting for injuries outside the Workers' Compensation system

Using individual reports of workplace injuries, I estimate the effect of injuries on the labor market earnings of men. Injured workers suffer large and persistent annual earnings losses, an average of $2,200 per year following injury. Moreover, data restrictions on previous studies resulted in earnings losses 1.2 to 3 times larger than those found when all injured workers are compared to uninjured workers. Largest losses occur when a work limiting disability follows injury, with average losses from$4,000 to $8,000. The findings suggest a more nuanced picture than previously presented, and suggest focusing on injuries resulting in a disability.Workers' Compensation; injuries; earnings;

Forensic aspects of animal abusing

Animal abuse is important social issue, which includes a wide range of behaviors of humans that are harmful to animals, starting from unintentional neglect to intentional cruelty. Types of animal abuse are different and they can include physical, sexual, emotional abuse or neglect. Training dogs for fights and dog fighting are considered to be neglection of animals. Forensic veterinarians are called for testifining more often now for presenting the evidence that can lead to making a case regarding animal abuse. This study will include an explanation of forensic vet's role and different types of animal abuse

Practical use of registered veterinary medicinal products in Macedonia in identifying the risk of developing of antimicrobial resistance

The use of antimicrobial agents is the key risk factor for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. It is therefore generally recognized that data on the usage of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals are essential for identifying and quantifying the risk of developing and spreading of antimicrobial resistance in the food-chain. According to the WHO guidelines, the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system for the classification of veterinary medicines (ATC-vet) is widely recognized as a classification tool. The aim of this work is to analyze the list of registered veterinary medicinal products in R. Macedonia and to evaluate the quality and practical use of this list according to the ATC-vet classification in order to identify the risk of developing and spreading of antimicrobial resistance

Ecological Fitness Mus sergii Valch. Livelihoods Field Biotopes Aridno-Steppe Zone

Відображено результати багаторічних досліджень польових популяцій курганчикової миші. Встановлено особливості популяційних, етологічних та стаціальних пристосувань виду до існування в посушливій місцевості. Реалізація цих пристосувань прямо впливає на епізоотичний стан і поширення природних зоонозних інфекцій у зоні активного господарчого освоєння степів. У зоні досліджень за будь-яких кліматичних умов саме агрогосподарча діяльність людини суттєво впливає на перебіг природних процесів у стані польових популяцій Mus sergii – потенційних шкідників озимини, хазяїв і переносників збудників зоонозів. To in article reflects the results of long-term researches of field populations Mus sergii. There are particular population, ètological and stacialis devices of livelihoods in arid areas. Of these devices directly affects the epizootic status and distribution of natural zoonosis infections in the zone of active economic development zone steppes. Studies in any climatic conditions it is agrofactors human activities is a key influence on the natural processes in the status field rodents – potential pests of winter, hosts and vectors of parasites zoonoses.Роботу виконано на кафедрі екології та ботаніки МНУ ім. В. О. Сухомлинськог

Escherichia coli: Old problem, new pathology

Even though the presence of Escherichia coli in the organism of humans and animals as a commensal has been known for a long time, attention has been paid to it only recently as the cause of diseases in humans and animals. The disease that is caused by this bacteria is linked to new variants-strains (eg. Verotoxic 0157:H7) which have, due to the toxic effects, a pathogensis and clinical picture that differs from those which have so far been linked to the conventional E.coli. Namely, it has been proved that there is a connection between the presence of certain strains of this bacteria in animals in which there is no occurrence of clinical symptoms, and diseased humans who had come into contact with these animals. Since infection with E.coli is transferred also through food items of animal origin, and in keeping with the valid regulations on hygiene safety of food items, increasing importance is placed on the isolation and identification of this bacteria on the slaughter line. It has also been accepted that it is necessary to apply screening among animal populations, as the basic step in the control and eradication of pathogens. There are few data on the distribution of verotoxic E.coli and the number of reported cases of infection in humans in Serbia, and they do not provide the real picture of the epizootiological-epidemiological situation. Verotoxic E.coli occurred over the past two decades as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Due to the large number of cases that are linked, directly or indirectly, with food items of animal origin, there have been major economic losses as well

Recognition and assessment of pain in animals

Pain is a complex physiological phenomenon, it is hard to define in a satisfactory manner in human beings, and it is extremely difficult to recognize and interpret in animals. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is an important aspect of life and its prevention and decrease are important as a goal to achieve the well-being of animals. The task of scientists is to recognize the language of pain interpretation which animals use to seek help. For an objective evaluation of pain, it is essential to possess a good knowledge of physiology, etiology and clinical diagnosis. We are obliged to do this also because of the ethic principles to defend the well-being of animals and to eliminate any factor which can cause feelings of pain or suffering. The recognition of pain and its manifestation is especially important in cases of animal abuse, when it could be the only symptom. Animals can be quiet and instinctively hide the presence of pain, which makes the symptoms more subtle, but does not make their injuries any less painful. It is also important to have knowledge of manifestations of pain that appear during different surgical procedures performed by the veterinarinarian in spite of the applied dose of analgetic. Pain significantly contributes to the suffering of animals and in such cases it is important to collect relevant documents, in the form of video recordings or in photodocumentation form, because it is important information in the processing of cases of animal abuse. Veterinary experts have the responsibility to recognize, evaluate, and prevent pain and to relieve animals from the pain, which should be the fourth vital sign, following temperature, pulse and breathing, and participate in the evaluation of the condition of the animal during an examination. Due to all the above mentioned, it is essential to secure efficacious prevention and control of pain, which is reflected in the recognition of pain, making a diagnosis, developing a plan of therapy, and adapting the therapy over a longer time period, especially in cases of chronic pain