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A new navigation paradigm for virtual reality: the guided visit through a virtual world
The three main navigation paradigms for virtual worlds, i.e., free navigation, automatic tours, and multiuser navigation show important limitations when dealing with guided visits that involve interactive cooperation among several users in 3D virtual worlds over the Internet. In this paper, we present our research into this issue and some important results. We propose a new navigation paradigm denominated guided visit through a virtual world, where the capacity of a user guiding several remote users through the virtual world is enriched with the capacity to dynamically interchange the role of guiding between the connected users. The user that acts as a guide moves freely through the virtual world, and his/her movements are reproduced by the browsers of the other guided users. We also present the architecture and the system we developed that implements this paradigm, as well as its integration in a working realworld application that demonstrates its use
The information sources of the first Spanish Newspapers (1618-1635): the construction of information credibility
Este trabajo analiza las fuentes de información utilizadas en un
corpus numeroso de avisos recogidos en periódicos españoles
impresos entre 1618 y 1635. El objetivo de partida es determinar
cómo se construye, en términos tanto históricos como retóricos, la
credibilidad informativa. Analizaremos la construcción retórica
de la credibilidad en el texto mismo de los avisos, concretamente
en las fuentes de información que estos declaran u ocultan; para
comprobar si existe una intención deliberada de encubrir las
fuentes de información, estudiaremos la frecuencia con que
aparece la atribución on deep background. La aproximación
metodológica que orienta este estudio es la que sostiene el
Historical News Discourse, que aplica las conclusiones y métodos
de análisis del Análisis Crítico del Discurso a los periódicos del
pasado, y contextualiza y explica sus resultados en relación a los
planteamientos de la Historia del Periodismo y de la
Comunicación (Conboy, Brownlees, Broersma y otros).
Defendemos en este trabajo que el análisis del discurso de los
primeros impresos informativos resulta fundamental para
conocer cómo se consolida en España la profesión periodística,
gracias a una nueva forma de auctoritas basada en la competencia
discursiva. El gacetero o periodista aparece como una nueva
modalidad de escritor, cuya credibilidad y reputación dependen
de su capacidad para acceder, organizar y declarar –de acuerdo a
patrones retóricos reconocibles para sus lectores– las fuentes de
información a las que tiene acceso.This paper analyses the information sources used in a large
corpus of news items published in Spanish printed newspapers
between 1618 and 1635. The initial aim is to determine how
information credibility was constructed in both historical and
rhetorical terms. To this end, the rhetorical construction of
credibility in the news stories are analysed by focusing on the
information sources that these reveal or conceal. And in order to
determine whether or not these sources were deliberately
concealed, the frequency with which ‘on deep background’
attribution appears is examined. The methodological approach on
which this study is based is Historical News Discourse, which
applies the conclusions and methods of critical discourse analysis
to newspapers of the past, in addition to contextualising and
explaining the results in terms of journalism history and
communication approaches (Conboy, Brownlees and Broersma,
among others). In this work, we contend that the discourse
analysis of the first printed newspapers is essential for gaining
further insights into how the journalistic profession consolidated
its position in Spain thanks to a new form of auctoritas based on
discourse competence. The gazetteer or journalist emerged as a
new kind of writer, whose credibility and reputation depended on
his ability to access, organise and reveal –according to rhetorical
patterns recognisable to readers– the information sources
available to him
Group-wise 3D registration based templates to study the evolution of ant worker neuroanatomy
The evolutionary success of ants and other social insects is considered to be
intrinsically linked to division of labor and emergent collective intelligence.
The role of the brains of individual ants in generating these processes,
however, is poorly understood. One genus of ant of special interest is
Pheidole, which includes more than a thousand species, most of which are
dimorphic, i.e. their colonies contain two subcastes of workers: minors and
majors. Using confocal imaging and manual annotations, it has been demonstrated
that minor and major workers of different ages of three species of Pheidole
have distinct patterns of brain size and subregion scaling. However, these
studies require laborious effort to quantify brain region volumes and are
subject to potential bias. To address these issues, we propose a group-wise 3D
registration approach to build for the first time bias-free brain atlases of
intra- and inter-subcaste individuals and automatize the segmentation of new
individuals.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, preprint for conference (not reviewed
Tunneling mechanism of light transmission through metallic films
A mechanism of light transmission through metallic films is proposed,
assisted by tunnelling between resonating buried dielectric inclusions. This is
illustrated by arrays of Si spheres embedded in Ag. Strong transmission peaks
are observed near the Mie resonances of the spheres. The interaction among
various planes of spheres and interference effects between these resonances and
the surface plasmons of Ag lead to mixing and splitting of the resonances.
Transmission is proved to be limited only by absorption. For small spheres, the
effective dielectric constant can be tuned to values close to unity and a
method is proposed to turn the resulting materials invisible.Comment: 4 papges, 5 figure
Capital controls: myth and reality, a portfolio balance approach to capital controls
The literature on capital controls has (at least) four very serious apples-to-oranges problems: (i) There is no unified theoretical framework to analyze the macroeconomic consequences of controls; (ii) there is significant heterogeneity across countries and time in the control measures implemented; (iii) there are multiple definitions of what constitutes a "success" and (iv) the empirical studies lack a common methodology--furthermore these are significantly "overweighted" by a couple of country cases (Chile and Malaysia). In this paper, we attempt to address some of these shortcomings by: being very explicit about what measures are construed as capital controls. Also, given that success is measured so differently across studies, we sought to "standardize" the results of over 30 empirical studies we summarize in this paper. The standardization was done by constructing two indices of capital controls: Capital Controls Effectiveness Index (CCE Index), and Weighted Capital Control Effectiveness Index (WCCE Index). The difference between them lies in that the WCCE controls for the differentiated degree of methodological rigor applied to draw conclusions in each of the considered papers. Inasmuch as possible, we bring to bear the experiences of less well known episodes than those of Chile and Malaysia. Then, using a portfolio balance approach we model the effects of imposing short-term capital controls. We find that there should exist country-specific characteristics for capital controls to be effective. From these simple perspective, this rationalizes why some capital controls were effective and some were not. We also show that the equivalence in effects of price- vs. quantity-capital control are conditional on the level of short-term capital flows.
Networks of People in Specialty Production: Family Firms in the Iron and Steel Wire Industries in Spain (1870-2000)
Capital intensive industries in specialized niches of production have constituted solid ground for family firms in Spain, as evidenced by the experience of the iron and steel wire industries between 1870 and 2000. The embeddedness of these firms in their local and regional environments have allowed the creation of networks that, together with favourable institutional conditions, significantly explain the dominance of family entrepreneurship in iron and steel wire manufacturing in Spain, until the end of the 20th century. Dominance of family firms at the regional level has not been an obstacle for innovation in wire manufacturing in Spain, which has taken place even when institutional conditions blocked innovation and traditional networking. Therefore, economic theories about the difficulties dynastic family firms may have to perform appropriately in science-based industries must be questioned.family firms, spanish economic history, steel wire industries
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