Synthesis, and biological screening of chloropyrazine conjugated benzothiazepine derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antitubercular and cytotoxic agents

A series of twenty new chloropyrazine conjugated benzothiazepines (22-41) have been synthesized with 58%–95% yields. The compounds were characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds (22-41) and their precursor chalcones (2-21) were evaluated for antitubercular and cytotoxic activities. Additionally, compounds 22-41 were also tested for antimicrobial activity. Among the chalcone series (2-21), compounds 7 and 14 showed significant antitubercular activities (MICs 25.51 and 23.89 µM, respectively), whereas among benzothiazepines (22-41), compounds 27 and 34 displayed significant antimicrobial (MICs 38.02 µM, 19.01 µM) and antitubercular (MIC 18.10 µM) activities. Compounds 7 and 41 displayed cytotoxic activities with IC₅₀ of 46.03 ± 1 and 35.10 ± 2 µM respectively. All the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on normal human liver cell lines (L02) and found to be relatively less selective towards this cell line. The most active compounds identified through this study could be considered as potential leads for the development of drugs with possible antimicrobial, antitubercular, and cytotoxic activities

Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of 1,5-Benzothiazepine Chalcone Derivative Compounds as Potential Inhibitors for Zika Virus Helicase

Zika virus caused of the emerging infections characterized by fever, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) for adults. In the current work, we aimed to study the binding orientation of 1,5-benzothiazepine compounds as new potential agent against Zika virus inhibitor through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Since, 1-5-Benzothiazepines are particular interest for drug discovery and they also has some biological activities. However, their antiviral activities and in silico studies of the binding to their biological targets have not been extensively investigated. Molecular docking study of 1,5-benzothiazepine chalcone derivatives compounds with protein target 5GJB (PDB ID) and this protein was taken from the crystallographic structure. In this study, twelve 1,5-benzothiazepine chalcone derivative compounds were docked to the protein with the grid box along x, y and z radius of 26.85, 28.17 and 24.43 Å, respectively. Suramin was used as positive control. Thus, it can be used as a reference for design new inhibitors for Zika virus helicase. Based on the docking results, it is observed that compounds MA3 and MA8 are estimated to have activity as inhibitors for Zika virus helicase with binding free energy values of -4.6490 and -4.9291 kcal/mol, respectively. MA3 and MA8 were also stable during the MD simulations with the hydrogen bonding are still maintained before and after MD simulation. Furthermore, both of these compounds can be used an early stage for drug design and drug delivery process

Syntheses of 1,5-benzothiazepines: Part XVIII-Syntheses of potential, fluorinated 2,4-diaryl-8-ethoxy / fluoro-2,5-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines as prospective cardiovascular agents

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Synthesis of some new 2,4-diaryl-2,3- dihydro-I,5-benzothiazepines and 2-aryl-4- (2' -hydroxy-3'/5'-chloro-5'/3'-hydroxymethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepines

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In silico modeling of the specific inhibitory potential of thiophene-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine against BChE in the formation of β-amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Alzheimer's disease, known to be associated with the gradual loss of memory, is characterized by low concentration of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and cortex part of the brain. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase has successfully been used as a drug target to treat Alzheimer's disease but drug resistance shown by butyrylcholinesterase remains a matter of concern in treating Alzheimer's disease. Apart from the many other reasons for Alzheimer's disease, its association with the genesis of fibrils by β-amyloid plaques is closely related to the increased activity of butyrylcholinesterase. Although few data are available on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase, studies have shown that that butyrylcholinesterase is a genetically validated drug target and its selective inhibition reduces the formation of β-amyloid plaques.</p> <p>Rationale</p> <p>We previously reported the inhibition of cholinesterases by 2,3-dihydro-1, 5-benzothiazepines, and considered this class of compounds as promising inhibitors for the cure of Alzheimer's disease. One compound from the same series, when substituted with a hydroxy group at C-3 in ring A and 2-thienyl moiety as ring B, showed greater activity against butyrylcholinesterase than to acetylcholinesterase. To provide insight into the binding mode of this compound (Compound A), molecular docking in combination with molecular dynamics simulation of 5000 ps in an explicit solvent system was carried out for both cholinesterases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Molecular docking studies revealed that the potential of Compound A to inhibit cholinesterases was attributable to the cumulative effects of strong hydrogen bonds, cationic-π, π-π interactions and hydrophobic interactions. A comparison of the docking results of Compound A against both cholinesterases showed that amino acid residues in different sub-sites were engaged to stabilize the docked complex. The relatively high affinity of Compound A for butyrylcholinesterase was due to the additional hydrophobic interaction between the 2-thiophene moiety of Compound A and Ile69. The involvement of one catalytic triad residue (His438) of butyrylcholinesterase with the 3'-hydroxy group on ring A increases the selectivity of Compound A. C-C bond rotation around ring A also stabilizes and enhances the interaction of Compound A with butyrylcholinesterase. Furthermore, the classical network of hydrogen bonding interactions as formed by the catalytic triad of butyrylcholinesterase is disturbed by Compound A. This study may open a new avenue for structure-based drug design for Alzheimer's disease by considering the 3D-pharmacophoric features of the complex responsible for discriminating these two closely-related cholinesterases.</p

The green chemistry of chalcones: Valuable sources of privileged core structures for drug discovery

The sustainable use of resources is essential in all production areas, including pharmaceuticals. However, the aspect of sustainability needs to be taken into consideration not only in the production phase, but during the whole medicinal chemistry drug discovery trajectory. The continuous progress in the fields of green chemistry and the use of artificial intelligence are contributing to the speed and effectiveness of a more sustainable drug discovery pipeline. In this light, here we review the most recent sustainable and green synthetic approaches used for the preparation and derivatization of chalcones, an important class of privileged structures and building blocks used for the preparation of new biologically active compounds with a broad spectrum of potential therapeutic applications. The literature here reported has been retrieved from the SciFinder database using the term "chalcone " as a keyword and filtering the results applying the concept: "green chemistry ", and from the Reaxys database using the keywords "chalcone " and "green ". For both databases the time-frame was 2017-2022. References were manually selected based on relevance

A REVIEW: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS BASED ON NITROGEN AND SULFUR CONTAINING HETEROCYCLES

At present, heterocyclic compounds and their derived forms have become strong reflection in medicinal research field because of their positive pharmacological and biological properties. Heterocycles are prosperous in nature and have expanded additional importance because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones. Thiazine moieties present in compounds have multiplicity of medicinal activities such as antihypertensive, antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral. This review article mainly based on thiazines and their derivatives with potential antimicrobial activities that are at this time in advancement.Keywords: Nitrogen, Sulfur heterocycles (thiazines), Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimicrobial agents

A REVIEW: THIAZINES DERIVATIVES TREATED AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

In recent days, heterocycles and their derivatives have become strong reflection in medicinal research and pharmaceutical fields because of their practical pharmacological and biological activities. Organic compounds; mainly heterocyclic compounds are wealthy in natural world and contain extra value because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, acids, and hormones. Thiazine nucleuses found in compounds have variety of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. This review spotlight on the substituted thiazines with possible antimicrobial activities that are at the present in development.Keywords: Antibacterial, Substituted thiazines, Antimicrobial agents.Â

Synthesis of 1,5-Benzodiazepine and Its Derivatives by Condensation Reaction Using H-MCM-22 as Catalyst

A simple and versatile method for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines is via condensation of o-phenylenediamines (OPDA) and ketones in the presence of catalytic amount of H-MCM-22 using acetonitrile as solvent at room temperature. In all the cases, the reactions are highly selective and are completed within 1–3 h. The method is applicable to both cyclic and acyclic ketones without significant differences. The reaction proceeds efficiently under ambient conditions with good-to-excellent yields